Estimating the skeletal profile (1)

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University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill *

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Anthropology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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Estimating the skeletal profile. This is a fictional story and a fictional scene . Objectives ● Estimate the age, sex, ancestry, and stature of the skeletons. ● Estimate the identities of each skeleton ● Create a report of your findings The Scene: You are a forensic anthropologist at a crime scene located in a desert. Three human skeletons were found scattered in the sand by an unfortunate passerby whose car broke down in the area. Two skeletons are complete, and one is missing several limbs and the pelvis. Detectives checked the missing person's reports for people in the area and find that three people had disappeared from that area over the last 10 years. The skeletons are well preserved- think about how the environment may have played a role in preservation. Missing Persons Name: Amy Winehouse Age: 27 Height: 5’3 Weight: 110lbs Name: Freddie Mercury Age: 45 Height: 5'10 Weight: 168lbs Name: Tupac Shakur Age: 25 Height: 5’9 Weight: 160lbs Inspiration from www.biologycorner.com

Estimate Sex and Ancestry Using chapters 7 and 8 of your book, examine the following images and estimate the sex and ancestry of each skeleton based on the characteristics of the skull, the pelvis, or both if available. Pelvis Skull Sex and Ancestry? Skeleton 1 White, male Skeleton 2 Missing Black, male Skeleton 3 White. Female Inspiration from www.biologycorner.com

Ancestry Metric Methods: While skeleton 3 is complete, several pieces are missing from the back of the skull and cranial measurement data is incomplete. You are, however, able to get the eight cranial measurements from skeleton 1 and 2 respectively, for discriminant function analysis from Giles and Elliot (1962). Using the information from Chapter 7 of your book, calculate the ancestry of skeletons 1 and 2 given the following cranial dimensions: Measurement BaPr ML MB BaBr BaNa BB NaPr NB Value Ancestry Skeleton 1 2.9 1.6 -1.6 -1.82 -4.28 -0.09 2.42 9.8 43.08 White Skeleton 2 3 1.53 -2 -1.6 -3.46 -0.14 2.8 9.8 127.62 Black You can use the equation for European American Males vs African American Males and see the example from your book as follows (also reference table 7.4), you DO NOT need to calculate for Native American Ancestry in this scenario: Value= BaPr(87)+ML(178)+MB(155)+BaBr(142)+BaNa(102)+BB(120)+NaPr(109)+NB(20) Skeleton 1: : 2.9(87) + 1.6(178) + (-1.6(155)) + (-1.82(142)) + (-4.28(102)) + (-0.09(120) + (2.2.42(109)) + (9.8(20)) = 43.06 Skeleton 2: 3(87) + 1.53(178) + (-1.6(155)) + (-1.6(142)) + (-3.46(102)) + (-0.14(120) + (2.8(109)) + (9.8(20)) = 127.62 Inspiration from www.biologycorner.com

Estimation of Stature To calculate the estimated height based on a person's long bones, first measure the bone in centimeters. Find the formula table in Chapter 10 of your book, remember that height is more accurate if an ancestry estimation is available, and you should have estimated this in the above section. Use the below scaled models to estimate height. In the height box tell me which formula you used and the height in feet and inches, don’t forget to include the standard error rate (SE) and remember that 5.4 feet is NOT 5’4”. Height Skeleton 1 Stature = 2.701*48c m + 48.10 = 177.748 cm Standard Error: 5.12 cm Range: 5’ 6” to 6’ 2” Skeleton 2 Stature = 2.455*45c m + 56.66 =167.135 Standard Error = 4.84 cm Range: 5’2” to 5’10” Skeleton 3 Stature = 2.624*42c m + 49.26 = 159.468 Standard Error = 3.58 Range: 5’0” to 5’6” Inspiration from www.biologycorner.com

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