GEOL 207- MiniAssignment7_vertebrae

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Apr 3, 2024

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Vertebral Column Mini-Assignment In lab this week, you will examine the vertebral column. In preparation, please review page 341 in your text book and consider the questions below. The lab will also ask you to determine the age of the excavation site, so please also review Chapter 3 in your textbook about geologic time and the mini-assignment from Week 2. Examine the five examples of dorsal vertebrae below and then answer the questions: A. Figure 8: MSNVE 3714, dorsal vertebrae of Ouranosaurus nigeriensis (Ornithopod) Dorsal vertebra 1 in right lateral (A), caudal (B), and ventral view (C); dorsal vertebra 9 in left lateral (D), cranial (E), and ventral view (F) views; dorsal vertebra 17 in left lateral (G), caudal (H) and ventral (I) views. Abbreviations: bpl, ‘bump’ of the prespinal lamina; kl, keel; par, parapophysis. Scale bars equal 10 cm. (Full publication: https://peerj.com/articles/3403/ ) B. Figure 5. Dahalokely tokana holotype (UA 9855), ?second dorsal (D?2) vertebra. (Theropod) Photographs in A, cranial; B, caudal; C, ventral; D, dorsal; E, left lateral; and F, right lateral views. Abbreviations: cacdl, caudal centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; crcdl, cranial centrodiapophyseal lamina; idfs, infradiapophyseal fossa; ipofs, infrapostzygapophyseal fossa; iprfs, infraprezygapophyseal fossa; lpfr, laminopeduncular foramen; lpfs, laminopeduncular fossa; pfr, pneumatic foramen; posf, postspinal fossa; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prsf, prespinal fossa. (Full publication: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062047 ) C. Images and video of Stegosaurus skeleton (Thyreophoran) Fig 19. Dorsal vertebra two., same Stegosaurus skeleton as above. A , anterior, B , posterior, C , left lateral, D , right lateral, E , ventral and F , dorsal view. Dia , diapophysis; foss , fossa; ipzs , intraprezygapophyseal shelf; mr , midline ridge; nc , neural canal; not , notch; ns , neural spine; para , parapophysis; pcdl , posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; plat , platform; podl , postzygodiapophyseal lamina; pozyg , postzygapophysis; ppdl , paradiapophyseal lamina; prdl , prezygodiapophyseal lamina; przyg , prezygapophysis; ri , ridge; vs , vertical sheet. Scale bar equal to 5 cm. (Full publication: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138352 ) D. Figure 7: Amargasaurs cazul . Dorsal vertebrae in anterior and lateral views. CN: Neural canal, D: diapophysis, PP: parapophysis, PRZ: prezygapophysis, PTZ: postzygapophysis. (From Salgado, Leonardo, and José F. Bonaparte. "Un nuevo saurópodo Dicraeosauridae, Amargasurus cazaui gen. et sp. nov., de la Formación La Amarga, Neocomiano de la provincia del Neuquén, Argentina." Ameghiniana 28 (1991): 333-346.) (Sauropod)

E. (Sereno et al., 1999 Science) (Sauropod) The terminology below may be helpful: https://svpow.com/200/10/02/tutorial-1-regions-of-the- vertebral-column/ 1. Compare the neural spins of the following specimens. In proportion to the centrum, which have the largest neural spines? Place the names in order from largest to smallest. (2 pts) - The one with the largest neural spine is the Amargasaurs cazul. - In order from the largest to the smallest would be Amargasaurus cazuelensis (Sauropod), Ouranosaurus nigeriensis (Ornithopod), Dahalokely tokana (Theropod), Stegosaurus (Thyreophoron), and Jobaria tiguidensis (Sauropod). 2. Pose a hypothesis for the function of the long neural spines. (2 pts) - A hypothesis for the long neural spines' function could have been thermoregulation. By adjusting their orientation relative to the sun, the dinosaur could have controlled its body temperature more effectively, staying cool in hot environments or absorbing sunlight in cooler conditions.

3. Which of the features below are present on ALL of the vertebrae depicted in the images above? (Take care to observe the image and not just what is and is not labeled.) (2 pts) Centrum Neural Canal Neural Spine – this is the feature present in all of the vertebrae Neural Arch Prezygapophysis Postzygapophysis Diapophysis 4. Choose TWO of the dinosaurs figured above. Compare and contrast the shape of the dorsal vertebrae depicted. Use at least 4 of the following terms: Centrum, Neural Canal, Neural Spine, Neural Arch, Prezygapophysis, Postzygapophysis, Diapophysis. (4 pts) - I chose the Ornithopod and the Thyreophoran. When comparing the two both the dinosaur’s centrum have similar shapes. Both of them are circular with no deterioration affecting the shape. The neural canals of both dinosaurs are also big in size. You can clearly see through both the canals. However, the neural spine of the Thyreophoran is much smaller in length compared to the ornithopod. And lastly, the neural arch is present in both dinosaurs seeing as they have a noticeable neural canal.

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GEOL 207- MiniAssignment7_vertebrae

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