ANTH 369 Lab 2-Sanders,A

Fall 2020 Name: Autumn Sanders Section Time: 8 AM Anthropology 369: Human Growth and Development Lab 2: Anthropometry: Assessing Growth and Development Take the following measurements (or have someone measure you) and record below. Answer questions when applicable. Anthropometry and Health. 1. Body Size Measurements You may use your own measurements or those of a friend for this section. Stature (cm): 170.18 cm Weight (kg): * 56.699 kg Calculate your Body Mass Index (BMI): 19.6 (Weight in kg divided by height in m squared ( kg/m 2 )) Response Question 1 . BMI is commonly used as a measure of health and obesity. US & World Health Organization standards for adult BMI are: Underweight: <18.5 ; Healthy: 18.5-24.9 ; Overweight: 25.0-29.9 ; Obesity: Class 1 (30.0-34.9), Class 2 (35.0-39.9), Class 3 (>40) . a) What are some of the benefits of using BMI as a health measure? b) What are some of the problems with using BMI? c) Discuss some of the challenges of using BMI as a measure of children's health. Is it an appropriate index? A) One benefit of using BMI as a health measure is that it creates a standardized system which can calculate how children are developing, and how healthy individuals are, in a very basic manner. B) A problem with using BMI as a health measure is that it only takes weight in general into account, and not the different factors which make up weight. For example, BMI in no way differentiates between fat and muscle mass. Therefore, two people with the exact same BMI could have very different health situations. C) Using BMI as a measure of children’s health is not an appropriate index because of their periods of very rapid and very slow growth. Height is a better index, because it is a more consistent measure in children.

Fall 2020 2. Body Composition The table below includes anthropometric measurements from a research project surveying adult Yakut (Sakha) individuals from Siberia collected by Dr. Snodgrass in 2003. Use the data in the table to first calculate average measurements for the different measurements listed (Triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, etc.) based off sex and use those values to calculate percent body fat using the formulas below. Individual Triceps skinfold (mm) Subscapular skinfold (mm) Female 1 35.5 49.5 Female 2 30 30.5 Female 3 15 13.5 Male 1 17.5 39 Male 2 16 20 Male 3 12 31 How to Measure Skinfolds (4:42): Standardized anthropometric procedures used throughout the NHANES III study for the body measurement component of the survey. Includes procedures for measurement of skinfolds for thighs, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMpifYMxHVo&ab_channel=CentersforDiseaseControland Prevention%28CDC%29

Fall 2020 b) Calculate percent body fat (%) from triceps and subscapular skinfolds: 32.97 Station 3. Fat Distribution The table below includes anthropometric measurements from the previously mentioned research project surveying Yakut (Sakha) individuals from Siberia collected by Dr. Snodgrass in 2003. Use the data in the table to calculate average measurements for the different measurements listed based off sex. Individual Waist circumference (cm) Hip circumference (cm) Stature/Height (cm) Arm circumference (cm) Female 1 91.3 105.9 159.8 29.2 Female 2 83.8 98.5 162.3 31.6 Female 3 66.5 87 151.4 23.1 Male 1 113.7 115.8 166.9 34.2 Male 2 99.8 104.4 174.9 33.9 Male 3 94 103.5 166.6 31.8 Female: Waist circumference (WC) (cm): 80.53 cm Hip circumference (cm): 97.13 cm Waist/stature ratio (WSR): .51 Waist/hip ratio (WHR): .83 Arm circumference (cm): 27.96 cm Stature/Height (cm): 157.83 cm

Fall 2020 Male: Waist circumference (WC) (cm): 102.5 cm Hip circumference (cm): 107.9 cm Waist/stature ratio (WSR): . 60 Waist/hip ratio (WHR): .95 Arm circumference (cm): 33.3 cm Stature/Height (cm): 169.46 cm Response Question 2. The distribution and location of fat on your body is an additional health risk. For example, if fat is carried mainly around your waist, then you are more likely to develop health problems (e.g., heart disease and diabetes) than if fat is concentrated on your hips and thighs. This is true even if your BMI falls within the normal range. Women with a waist measurement of more than 88cm (35 inches) or men with a waist measurement of more than 94cm (40 inches) typically have a higher disease risk than people with smaller waist measurements due to fat distribution. a) How do your waist circumference estimates of health differ from those obtained by BMI? b) Why would these be different? c) What do you notice about sex differences in terms of body fat percentage and fat distribution measurements? A) Waist circumference estimates of health are different than those from BMI, because it actually accounts for fat deposits and not just height and weight in general like BMI does. B) These are different because BMI only accounts for height and weight, and does not differentiate between bone, muscle and fat, while waist circumference estimates directly measure fat. C) It seems like women typically have a higher body fat percentage than men, as well as more body fat deposited on the hips than men. Station 4. Growth Curves Using the values in the following tables, plot each individual onto their respective growth curve in order to determine what percentile range each individual falls into and fill in the corresponding values in the table.

Fall 2020 Response Question 3. Growth charts are often used in clinical settings to assess healthy growth of children. a) How are some ways in which growth charts might be useful? b) Can you identify any possible problems or limitations when using growth charts? c) Do you think growth charts are static across all populations? A) Growth charts are useful because they create a standardized method for seeing if children are growing and developing at a healthy rate. B) Limitations are that children all grow differently, and some children may take longer than others to reach certain growth milestones, but that doesn’t mean that they won’t eventually reach those growth milestones. Additional Resources: Complete Document from the CDC Outlining Anthropometric Body Measurements: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhanes/nhanes_09_10/BodyMeasures_09.pdf How to Take Breadth Measurements, Including Head Circumference (4:50): Standardized anthropometric procedures used throughout the NHANES III study for the body measurement component of the survey. Includes Biacromial breadth, Biiliac breadth, Elbow breadth, Wrist breadth and Head circumference. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTUFV9ixZis&t=35s&ab_channel=CentersforDiseaseContr olandPrevention%28CDC%29 How to Measure Head Circumference (5:44): This video depicts how to measure head circumference and explains the cephalic index. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=es6sWzBRghk&ab_channel=MBBSVPASS