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Massachusetts Bay Community College *

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203

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Quiz 2 Instructions: Please type your name in the blank below. For Multiple Choice questions: indicate your chosen answer either by typing the associated letter after the question or by highlighting your answer in bold or a different color. For True/False questions: type True or False after the statement. For Fill-in-the-Blank: type your answer in the provided space. For Short Answer questions: type your answer after each question. Save the file using the naming convention: lastname.quiz1. Multiple Choice (1 pt each): 1. Ethnographic work which takes into account the presence and actions of the anthropologist is said to be: a. Reflexive b. Narrative c. Quantitative d. Critical e. Culturally materialistic 2. The phase of culture shock in which differences between the old and new cultures become more apparent and may begin to cause anxiety is known as: a. Mastery Phase b. Honeymoon Phase c. Adjustment Phase d. Negotiation Phase e. Stressful Phase 3. Which of the following is NOT part of Relethford’s definition of anthropology: a. That anthropology is a science b. That anthropology looks at change over time c. That anthropology includes the study of dinosaur fossils d. That anthropology is interested in cultural and biological variation 4. Which of the following is not true of the IRB (Institutional Review Board) process: a. It is an important step in preparing to do anthropological fieldwork

b. It is a necessary process for any research utilizing human subjects c. It is unnecessary if you plan to work outside of the United States d. It is concerned with the issue of informed consent e. IRB approval is often necessary to receive grant-based research funding Fill-in-the-Blank (1 pt each): 5. The most common and basic of anthropological fieldwork techniques, considered essential to a holistic study, is known as Participant Observation. 6. The study of cultural behaviors among human populations is known as social anthropology, ethnography, ethnology or Cultural Anthropology. 7. A set of related cultural ideas is known as a Schema. 8. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to see, interpret and judge other cultures based on the values of one’s own culture. 9. The film, “The Goddess and the Computer” we are shown the complex interactions in Bali between religion, social organization, rice irrigation, and the natural environment. To understand any of these aspects of Balinese culture the anthropologist must understand the interactions with the other aspects. This illustrates the concept known as Holism. Short Answer: Note: Both questions 12 and 13 below ask about the !Kung. Question 12 asks you about the article by Richard Lee found under “Course Readings” in Blackboard. Question 13 asks you about the book “Nisa” by Marjorie Shostack. 10. List the four traditional subfields of anthropology (2pts). Archaeology, cultural anthropology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology 11. In his book, Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, Guest provides his definition of culture on page 35. Paraphrase that definition here (3pts).

Culture is a group of shared beliefs and patterns of behavior that are understood and built upon by a set group of people 12. In “Eating Christmas in the Kalahari”, Richard Lee discusses feeling confused, anxious and stressed when he is told by the !Kung that the ox he has bought for slaughter and distribution is not good enough. As presented in class, his feelings when this occurs is a good example of what phenomenon (1 pts)? In the end, Lee finds out the ox he purchased was of exceptional quality and he tries to make sense of the !Kung reaction using an approach based in cultural relativism. Briefly describe what he comes to understand about the !Kung’s seeming negativism toward his ox purchase (3 pts). Richard Lee’s feeling of culture shock when he brought an ox for slaughter is an example of ethnocentrism. He was excited to show the !Kung his purchase of the best ox he could find, and felt confused when he was told it was not good enough. This is an example of ethnocentrism because Richard assumed bringing the best ox was preferred, based on his own cultural ideas. For the !Kung, humility is a large part of their culture so bragging or showing off, is considered insensitive and rude. When taking a step back using cultural relativism, Richard was able to understand the reasoning for their reaction. 13. Briefly outline some of the challenges Marjorie Shostack faced in conducting fieldwork among the !Kung (3 pts). While conducting fieldwork among the !Kung, Marjorie faced many challenges. The inability to completely let go of her own culture was difficult. Having opinions and actions is what makes us who we are, so stepping into a foreign culture without any bias seems impossible. Fully understanding why the !Kung operates a certain way, and trying your best, as an outsider, to be respectful was hard. Also, the life experiences of Marjorie compared to the people she was researching were vastly different. The connection was hard to find since they had lived their lives in completely different ways. Also, she had difficulty learning the language which created a barrier.

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True/False (1 pt each): 14. According to Nisa, weaning a nursing child is an easy transition in !Kung culture. False 15. A deep understanding of a culture’s history, beliefs, values, etc is necessary to an approach based in the concept of cultural relativity. True 16. To avoid “othering” our subjects anthropologists must learn to describe cultural (or biological) differences without assigning a value judgment to those differences. True 17. In doing anthropological research a qualitative approach is always better than a quantitative approach. False

new. Quiz2

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