GEO 3001 DISCUSSION 8

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Florida International University *

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3001

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Anthropology

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Dec 6, 2023

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DISCUSSION 8 Theme 1: facts and content 1. Compare and contrast the proposed, planned, or ongoing alternatives to conflicts between global conservation practices and local indigenous rights presented in films 3.5, 3.6, and 3.7. Provide specific details of each alternative, how they are similar, how they differ. (Hint: use the readings to help you think about the history of global conservation and how it conflicts with the needs, goals, and hopes of indigenous cultures.) Theme 2: your reaction 1. After watching these films, what are your thoughts about the most promising ways to resolve conflicts between local cultures and global conservation goals? Theme 1: Two out of the three module films speak about local indigenous rights and the alternatives or resolutions to conflicts with global conservation practices such as ceasing industrial developments in protected areas, co-management of natural lands, reconciliation, and involving local indigenous peoples in land management agreements. In comparison, the people in both videos believe that there can be some type of harmonious living or "a better outcome for all, subsidiarity and a common good for all", as Aaron Stuart states in the Strong People, Strong Country film . Local indigenous people belive that global conservationist can work together with them in the management operations of national parks. In opposition, global conservationist exclude the indigenous peoples when coming up with plans and making decisions about their land. As I said before, only two out of the three videos agree with indigenous people and conservationist "working together". In the Should Native Americans control national parks video interview with Stephanie Sy and David Treuer, Treuer speaks about how Native Americans deserve to fully get their land returned to them and explain how they have the "perfect skill set" to manage national parks. He belives that giving native people back their land will inevitable heal the souls of this country. Theme 2: After watching these films I can understand where the speakers all stand in giving the rights of indigenous people back to them. I feel more nuetral than one sided because I do belive that the

indigenous people should fully get their land back to go back to the normality they had before conservationist completely took over, but as a non-native or outsider I still want to be able to enjoy nature and the animals that reside in it. I also belive that the lands will flourish with either the co-management of national parks or the full return of the indigiounous peoples only if the goals of conservationist can meet those of the indigenous people and there can be less domination over them. With this I think there can be some type of reconciliation between them that can make agreements and partnerships regarding protected lands better. Cultural variety is dominated by indigenous peoples. Around 370 million indigenous peoples inhabit 20% of the earth's land. They also represent up to 5,000 indigenous cultures. Indigenous peoples, although being a numerical minority, account for most of the world's cultural diversity. Legal but not real land rights. Even in countries that acknowledge indigenous peoples' land rights, land titling and demarcation procedures are frequently delayed or abandoned due to changes in governmental leadership and policy. Even though indigenous peoples own their land legally, the state routinely leases it out to mining or logging companies without their knowledge or approval. The lack of legal tenure security is a major issue for indigenous peoples worldwide. Relocation is now required. Introduced commercial crops and massive plantation initiatives have degraded the environment and ruined self- sustaining eco-systems, forcing many indigenous populations to relocate. Unsustainable development costs. Large dams and mining operations have displaced thousands of indigenous people and families without sufficient compensation. Several communities have been forced out of national parks, and tourist development in other countries has resulted in indigenous people's displacement and poverty. For defending their rights, indigenous peoples have often been subjected to physical violence, incarceration, torture and even murder.

Too much talk, not enough action. While indigenous peoples' environmental rights have gained international recognition since 2002, implementing these rights at the national and local level remains a serious challenge. Local governments rarely respect or follow international rulings, and indigenous peoples' opinions are generally disregarded, if heard at all. Climate change threatens indigenous peoples' survival. For many indigenous peoples, climate change is already a reality, and they are becoming aware that it has serious socioeconomic ramifications. The World Bank sees climate change as a threat to the MDGs, particularly those on poverty eradication, child mortality, malaria and other diseases, and environmental sustainability. Climate change is a key issue of human rights and equity for many indigenous peoples. Grave influence on women. Forced evictions and land dispossessions disproportionately affect indigenous women, who must trek great distances to acquire alternate sources of water or fuel wood, or are driven out of income-generating productive occupations and into economic dependence on men. New Issues lands, resources, and Indigenous peoples' conflicts around the world revolve around land, territory, and resource rights. Indigenous peoples' connections to ancestral lands are the foundation of their cultural, spiritual, and social identities. These rights must be advanced urgently to enhance indigenous peoples' lives and address global issues like climate change and environmental degradation. Promote community rights to lands and resources to safeguard key ecosystems, rivers and biological variety. The rights of indigenous peoples over lands, territories, and resources have improved. These rights are protected through constitutional/legal provisions, adjudication/constructive agreements with indigenous peoples, and administrative programs. Other countries have set aside land or territory for collective indigenous authority. Despite progress, there is still a long way to go until indigenous peoples' collective rights are fully realized. Conversely, governments that have recognized collective rights often do not completely implement them, or their implementation procedures (land or resource mapping, demarcation, and titling) are incomplete or delayed. The lack of enforcement of laws and regulations frequently results in de facto rejection of indigenous peoples' rights. Protection of the environment and natural resources has severe effects for indigenous peoples' rights and fails to recognize their natural stewardship of the environment and ecosystems. As a result, urgent engagement between states and indigenous peoples is required to reach binding agreements that recognize and guarantee communities' rights under the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. 2030 The SDGs cannot be achieved without respecting indigenous peoples' rights

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to lands, territories, and resources. Target 2.3, which calls for secure and equal access to land, should include acknowledgment of customary or tenure rights of indigenous peoples. Rights abuse Indigenous peoples' rights to lands, territories, and resources are being violated. Discrimination and marginalization; lack of rights to land and natural and productive resources; denial and lack of access to justice; violations of cultural rights; denial of legal recognition, political representation, and participation; lack of access to basic social services; violence against indi Self-rule and autonomy Indigenous peoples' experience with autonomy and constructive agreements in their manifestation of self-determination should be given special consideration, including collecting and distribution of good practices. mining industries Nations that provide mining, infrastructure, large-scale agribusiness, or hydroelectric dam concessions without their free, prior, and informed agreement continue to worry indigenous peoples. As a result, governments and indigenous peoples have had social, economic, and cultural confrontations. Map, monitor and data systems for communities (CBMIS) The use of community-based mapping, monitoring, and information systems (CBMIS) as tools for community governance and self-determined development must be strengthened and expanded. CHAIN CHANGE Climate change, deforestation, pollution, development, and loss of biodiversity threaten indigenous peoples who rely on the environment and natural resources. It destroys traditional knowledge, governance institutions, and cultures. This policy briefing illustrates indigenous peoples' holistic approach to resource governance, land rights, climate change mitigation, and building resilience using traditional knowledge. It also stresses the importance of full participation of indigenous peoples, especially indigenous women, in decision-making processes. It stresses the necessity of maintaining indigenous peoples' rights as entrenched in international law and respecting their right not to participate in the global economy. It also highlights the need for interaction among indigenous peoples, local communities, scientists, politicians, and other relevant actors to co-produce knowledge and share sustainable ways to reduce risks and increase resilience to climate change. Read more at UN/DESA Policy Brief #101: Indigenous Peoples' Sustainability.

GEO 3001 DISCUSSION 8

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