Primate Locomotion and Dental Analysis in ANTH 301 Lab

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB Post Lab & Exercises Chapter 11 1. Examine the following illustration and answer these questions: a. What is the locomotor pattern of this primate? Quadrupedalism b. Describe the ratio of arm to leg length in this primate. The arms and leg length are approximately the same length. c. Give one example of a primate with this locomotor pattern. Baboon d. Using a simple ruler for measurements, calculate the IM index for this animal. IM Index = [(2.1”+1.5”) / (1.9”+1.7”)]*100 = 100 Quadruped e. If quadrupedal, determine whether the animal is terrestrial or arboreal. Arboreal f. Does your answer agree with your visual inspection? Yes

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB 2. Examine the following illustration and answer these questions: a. What is the locomotor pattern of this primate? VCL, Leaper b. Describe the ratio of arm to leg length in this primate. Shorter arms and longer legs c. Give one example of a primate with this locomotor pattern. Tarsier d. Using a simple ruler for measurements, calculate the IM index for this animal. M Index = [(1.7”+2.0”) / (3.2”+2.9”)]*100 = 60.7 VCL e. If quadrupedal, determine whether the animal is terrestrial or arboreal. Not quadrupedal per IM index f. Does your answer agree with your visual inspection? Yes

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB 3. What form of locomotion is being used by the animal shown in the following illustration? Write your answer under the photo. This primte has a prehensile tail which means semi brachiator. 4. Are the following primates exhibiting sexual dimorphism? Why or why not? It is unsure if these primates are exhibiting sexual dimorphism because they are all similar size. 5. Match the tooth shape/cusp pattern on the left with the diet on the right. __B__ Low, rounded cusps __C__ Bilophodont molars __A__ High, sharp cusps a. Leaves b. Fruit c. Insects 6. Explain why large canines may indicate a polygynous social structure. Large canines on males imply sexual dimorphism which leads to male vs male competition for mating. The dominant primate male, typically the strongest, would win and then pass on their size through genetics.

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Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB 7. Examine the image below. What form of locomotion is this animal doing? How can you tell? Arboreal quadrupedalism because the arms and legs are similar length as well as walking on branches. 8. Examine the image below. What form of locomotion is this animal doing? How can you tell? VCL or Leaper because of clinging to tree trunk in leaping posture and displaying long legs. 9. Examine the image below. What form of locomotion is this animal doing? How can you tell? Quadrumanual = Long arms, shorter legs, and hanging below branch while distributing weight.

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB 10. Examine the image below. Do you think this animal is nocturnal or diurnal? How can you tell? I believe this animal is nocturnal because the large eyes compared to the size of the head support the primate in seeing at night. 11. Examine the image below of two baboons. Which animal is the female, and which is the male? Why is the buttocks region on one animal swollen and pink? The male is on the left and the female is on the right. The swollen and pink buttock region is due to the female being in estrus.

Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB EXERCISE 13 Examine the dental arcade of the primates set out by your instructor, count the tooth types, and fill in the dental formulae in the following table for these or similar primates. Animal Dental Formula Prosimian 2.1.3.3 NW Monkey 2.1.3.3 OW Monkey 2.1.2.3 Ape 2.1.2.3 Ape 2:1:0:2 Deciduous Nonprimate mammal 3:1:4:3

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Jessica Bastos ANTH 301 LAB EXERCISE 14 Examine the primate teeth listed below or teeth of similar primates set out by your instructor and indicate the cusp shape and probable diet in the following table. Primate Cusp Shape Diet Prosimian Pointed Insectivore OW Monkey Bilophodont / Shearing crests Folivore Ape Bunodont / Low, rounded Frugivore NW Monkey Bilophodont Folivore/frugivore Human Bunodont Omnivore

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