SOAN3240-Week 4 Readings

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University of Guelph *

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3090

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Anthropology

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Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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Week 4: Gender and Nature P2 Environmental Struggles are Feminist Struggles Introduction  Violence in Mesoamerica targeting indigenous peoples assumed to be in the way of unsustainable and environmentally destructive state and elite developmental projects → aimed against women activists arguing that environmental destruction and social displacement impinge on the human rights of their communities Feminist political ecology (FPE)  Political ecology - represents a framework that investigates the entanglement of political economy with varied meanings of ecology in order to understand environmental change → poverty, environmental degradation, land conflicts, biodiversity conservation, extraction, food insecurity, more-than-human natures, the enclosure of the commons, and the role of capitalism in shaping of nature  Power structures are woven into the production of space and distribution of nature → how power relations shape access to resources, the meanings of nature, and distribution of rights to nature and natural resources Intersectionality and feminist political ecologies  Post-colonial intersectionality - attends how patriarchy and racialized practice are consistently rooted in a postcolonial genealogy that grounds gender and racial exclusions, provileges and struggles within international development processes’ FPE Influences  Ecofeminism and feminist environmentalism → Ecofeminism - the acknowledgement that there are significant connections between the treatment of women, people of colour, and the poor on one hand and the treatment of non-human nature on the other → Vandana Shiva  Women focused social movement that aims to protect biological and cultural diversity → Feminist environmentalism - based in US and India  US - grew from wider debates made visible through feminist organizing, and a range of movements from anti-militarist and anti-pollution movements  India - multiple relations of power subjugate women in their private space and public space → ongoing environmental loss means women spend more time doing daily chores, leaving less time for agriculture and food production, reducing nutritional intake and increasing illness among women and their families  Feminist political economy → focus on making visible the gendered hierarchies embedded in processes and practices of international development → development theories, practices, and policies left out and subjegated women]’s roles as farmers and wage earners → Sub-Saharan African countries  Women were central to family agricultural systems, land inheritance, and cultivation decisions, colonial and national officials assumed their contributions were made only in the household  Agricultural planning imagined and promoted men’s labour as the most efficient and productive while women’s contributions were considered outside production

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