midterm review introduction to mediterranean archaeology

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Oct 30, 2023

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Introduction to Mediterranean Archaeology, study guide for midterm There will be two parts to the midterm: We will give you ten identifications and ask you to discuss four of them, highlighting their importance. Where appropriate, provide the name, date, and location. We will review these on Monday in the Zoom midterm review. Each will be worth 10 points, and you should spend no more than 5 minutes on each. 1. Uruk Vase Uruk, Uruk Period ca 3300 (3500-3000 BCE); Ideology of organization of the world, religion 2. Cuneiform First invented at Uruk ca 3300; First known writing system, writing system used throughout Mesopotamian history, Sumerian and Akkadian 3. Disc of Enheduanna Ur, Akkadian period ca 2300-2100 BCE; First known author, lasting literary tradition, strategies of imperialism; women in Mesopotamia. 4. Narmer Among the first pharaohs of Old Kingdom Egypt, ca. 3000 BCE; united Upper and Lower Egypt; Narmer’s palette—first triumphal imagery. 5. Akhenaten Pharaoh of Egypt ca. 1350 BCE, wife- Nefertiti; founded new capital at Amarna, practiced monotheism. Disbanded priesthoods and diverted funds to Aten, the sun god. Images of the pharaoh were defaced after death. 6. Gordion Capital of the Phrygian kingdom in Turkey. Nine successive settlements lasting ca. 4000 years. Earliest decorated stone mosaics ever found. Home of Midas (8 th c. king), who built a burial mound in which Penn discovered the oldest standing wooden building in the world. 7. Linear B. Early form of Greek, adapted by Minoan Linear A, ca. 1400 BCE. Found at palaces, literacy restricted to scribes and elites. Economic records, not historical accounts. Intended as temporary documents, which survive because fires baked the clay. 8. Thera/Santorini Aegean island with volcanic eruption ca. 1500, the island’s center sank into the sea. Town of Akrotiri well preserved with paintings of travel and combat. Referred to as a Bronze Age Pompeii. Viewed by some as source of Atlantis myth. 9. Griffin Warrior Tomb Shaft grave from Mycenaean palace of Pylos dating ca. 1450 BCE. Seal with combat scene, weapons with boar tusk helmet. Palace associated with Nestor in the Iliad .

10. Sea Peoples A multi-ethnic band of mercenaries roaming through the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean in the early 12 th century, during the collapse of the Bronze Age. Names of ethnic groups preserved from Ramses III temple at Medinet Habu. Included were Sardinians, Lycians, and Philistines, among others. Essay Questions. We will ask you to choose two out of the following four essay topics. Each will be worth 30 points, and you should spend no more than 15 minutes on each. I will review all of these in the Zoom midterm review. For the first two questions, you can answer 1 or 2, but not both, since they overlap. 1. Discuss the ideology of kingship in Egypt and Mesopotamia - what were the ideal roles of the king in each civilization, and how did they differ? Give at least four examples, which might include such monuments as Narmer’s palette, the ziggurat of Ur, the mortuary complex of Djoser at Saqqara, the Royal Tombs of Ur, the Ramses II monument at Abu Simbel, the law code of Hammurabi. 2. Compare the funerary customs of Egypt and Mesopotamia. What are the similarities and differences? Your answer might include the Royal Cemetery of Ur, the cemetery at Abydos in Egypt, the pyramids of Giza, the Valley of the Kings. Give at least four examples. 3. How does the interaction of Mycenaean Greeks, the cities of western Asia Minor, and the Hittites between 1400 and 1200 BCE relate to the stories of the Trojan War? This one I just covered in class, and I’ll go over the material again during the review. You’ll want to include mention of Atreus, Paris, Walmu, and the Sea Peoples. 4. Compare the archaeological evidence for the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations in the Aegean Bronze Age. Your answer would include the Minoan palace of Knossos, the palaces of Mycenae and Pylos, Mycenaean shaft graves and tholos tombs, the Thera eruption, and the Uluburun shipwreck.

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