StudyGuide.Biology

docx

School

Georgia State University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

3410

Subject

Anthropology

Date

Feb 20, 2024

Type

docx

Pages

Uploaded by DeaconAntelopeMaster116

STUDY GUIDE SWAY. OVERVIEW According to the overview, theory is a statement about what? How something affects something else According to the overview, scientific theory is distinguished by its focus on what kind of “somethings”? Empirical According to the overview, something is empirical if you can do what to it? If you can hear, see, touch, smell or taste it. According to the overview, is the “something” that affects something else the independent or dependent variable? Independent Variable. According to the overview, is the “something” affected by something else the independent or dependent variable? Dependent variable. According to the overview, a theory is better if it is more valid and more of what else? A theory is better if it is simpler, more general, more original, and more useful. According to the overview, is crime the independent or dependent variable in criminological theory? Dependent Variable. True or false (according to the overview): The vast majority of criminological theories make statements about why communities, individuals, and situations are more likely to have or commit crime. True or false (according to the overview): Criminological theories only focus on empirical somethings. True or false (according to the overview): Criminology is a discipline. A field of study According to the overview, the current section of the course focuses on which discipline(s)? biological theories of crime. True or false (according to the overview): All criminologists consider Lombroso to be the father of criminology. According to the overview, Lombroso and other biology-focused criminologists focus on what level of analysis: community, individual, or situational?

According to the overview, what word does Lombroso use synonymously with “genetic throwback”? atavist According to the overview, Gould’s Mismeasure of Man does what with respect to Lombroso’s work? describes intellecutal context of lombroso's theory & critisizes logic & research behind theory. How that theory affected the past & present of CJ system. True or false (according to the overview): The biological approach to criminology has not changed much since Lombroso. True or false (according to the overview): The Glenn and Raine article – like all good biology articles – avoids discussing how to reduce crime in light of biological factors because doing so would be unethical. According to the overview, what is/are the dependent variable of the theories examined in this section? Crime According to the overview, what is/are the independent variable of the theories examined in this section? biological factors/traits of individuals True or false (according to the overview): All biological factors are pro-crime. LOMBROSO. CRIMINAL MAN What does Cesare Lombroso say (in the Introduction) are the two fundamental ideas in his studies? claims as an essential point the study not of crime in the abstract, but of the criminal himself, in order adequately to deal with the evil effects of his wrong- doing & that which classifies the congenital crimi- nal as an anomaly, partly pathological and partly. atavistic, a revival of the primitive savage When studying soldiers, what characteristic did Cesare Lombroso notice as distinguishing honest ones from vicious ones? the extent to which they were tattooed and indecency of the designs. Early on in his criminological career, Cesare Lombroso was anxious to apply the experimental method to the study of what three groups? lunatics, criminals and normal individuals. Upon doing an autopsy of a famous criminal, Cesare Lombroso had what revelation at the sight of the skull? In other words, he came to see criminals as what? pg. xv; an atavist being who reproduces in his person the ferocious instincts of primitive humanity and the inferior animals According to Cesare Lombroso, which nation gave a “warm and sympathetic” reception to his type of research? America

According to Gina Lombroso, Classical School criminologists focus on offenses because they assume what about (almost all) criminals? The Classical School based its doctrines on the assumption that all criminals, except in a few extreme cases, are endowed with intelligence and feelings like normal individuals, and that they commit misdeeds consciously, being prompted thereto by their unre-strained desire for evil. According to Gina Lombroso, Positivist School criminologists focus on criminals because they assume what about them? anti-social tendencies of criminals are the result of physical and psychic organization which differs from that of normal individuals. aims at studying the morphology & functional phenomena of the criminal with the object of curing instead of punishing According to Gina Lombroso, the span of criminals’ arms relative to their height resembles what kind of animal? Apes According to Gina Lombroso, to say that criminals are “atavistic” means they have the physical, psychic and functional qualities of who or what ? remote ancestors According to Gina Lombroso, her father and his disciplines showed that in addition to atavism, what other two factors make people a criminal? disease and environment. Gina Lombroso reviews a variety of body parts that are different for born criminals. For instance, she starts with physical anomalies of “The Head.” What are the other broad categories she reviews? (Hint: the answers are found over several pages.) the head, the face, the eye, the ear, mouth, nose, cheek pouches, palate, teeth, chin, wrinkle, hair, thorax, pelvis & abdomen, upper limbs, lower limbs, feet, cerebrum and cerebellum. Gina Lombroso reviews a variety of sensory and functional areas that distinguish the born criminal as different. For instance, she starts with those of “General Sensibility.” What are the other broad categories she reviews? (Hint: the answers are found over several pages.) sensibility to pain, tactile sensibility, meteoric sensibility, sight, hearing smell and taste , agility , strength. Gina Lombroso reviews a variety of psychological considerations that show the born criminal is different. For instance, she starts with those of “Natural Affections.” What are the other broad categories she reviews? (Hint: the answers are found over several pages, and continue within the “Moral Sense” section .) repentance and remorse, cynicism , treachery, vanity , impulsiveness, vindictiveness, idleness, orgies, gambling, agmes, intelligence, slang, pictography According to Gina Lombroso, adult criminals (not minors) are how many times more likely to be tattooed than normal persons? (Hint: you’re gonna have to do math to know the answer.) p g. 46. 9% of adult criminals; whereas, in normal persons the proportion is only 0.1%. True or false (according to Gina Lombroso), crime is always the result of degeneration and atavism? GOULD. THE MISMEASURE OF MAN

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

According to Gould, the concept of what transformed human thought during the 19th century? Evolution According to Gould, which widely known fictional character is based directly on Lombroso’s idea of a born criminal? (Hint: The answers is implied in the body of the text but also made explicit in a footnote .) Hiawatha (Ojibwe warrior) True or false (according to Gould): Lombroso was the first person to claim that crime is hereditary. According to Gould’s review of Lombroso, criminal behavior can arise in normal men, but we know if someone is a born criminal based on what? Anatomy According to Gould, Lombroso devoted the first part of his major work to what topic? An analysis on the criminal behavior of animals According to Gould, Lombroso considered the born criminal to be like animals and what two “inferior groups”? savage, idiots. According to Gould, Lombroso’s anatomical stigmata were neither pathologies nor discontinuous variations, but rather what? Extreme values on a normal curve that approach average measures for the same trait in great apes. True or false (according to Gould): Normal variation within a population is the same biological phenomenon as differences in average values between populations. True or false: According to Gould, Lombroso’s argument was scientifically valid. According to Gould, until World War I, there was a Criminal Anthropology conference held every how many years? 4 According to Gould, what is the most potentially dubious consequence of Lombroso’s theory? prescreening and isolation of people bearing stigmata before they had committed any offense. True or false (according to Gould): We know that criminal stigmata was important criteria for judgment in many criminal trails. True or false (according to Gould): The liberal nature of judges and lawyers limited Lombroso’s influence in courts. True or false (according to Gould): Criminal anthropologists were against the death penalty because they thought criminality was inborn. According to Gould, criminal anthropologists preferred what means other than death for ridding society of its born criminals? Early isolation in bucolic surrounding, transportation, and exile to penal colonies but banishment is permanent and irrevocable.

True or false (according to Gould): Lombrosian criminologists tended more toward conservative than liberal ideologies. According to Gould, did Lombroso think that punishment should “fit the crime” or “ fit the criminal”? True or false (according to Gould): Our modern system of parole, early release, and indeterminate sentencing stems in part from Lombroso’s campaign for differential treatment of born and occasional criminals. According to Gould, what chromosomal abnormality was considered a potential explanation of aggression? XYY chromosomes GLENN & RAINE. NEUROCRIMINOLOGY According to Glenn and Raine, well over how many behavioral genetics studies have converged on the conclusion that antisocial and aggressive behavior have a considerable genetic basis? 100 According to Glenn and Raine, meta-analyses estimate that about what percent of antisocial and aggressive behavior is attributable to genetics? 40-60% True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): The effects of heritable influences, with no exceptions, are broadly consistent across gender and ethnicity. According to Glenn and Raine, what kind of studies in particular have the advantage of being able to truly separate genetic from environmental factors? adoption True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): The contribution of any single gene to antisocial and aggressive behavior is likely to be quite small. True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): Epigenetics research substantiates the traditional arguments of biological determinism. According to Glenn and Raine, what factors during prenatal and perinatal period may increase the probability that a young infant will develop antisocial and aggressive behavior? early health risk factos and social risk factors According to Glenn and Raine, what two hormones have been the most intensively researched in relation to antisocial behavior ? Cortisol and testosterone According to Glenn and Raine, what is the best-replicated correlate of human aggression as pertains to neurotransmitter systems? Low levels of serotinin According to Glenn and Raine, what is the best-replicated biological correlate of human aggression? Low level of serotine

According to Glenn and Raine, what is the best-replicated brain imaging correlate of antisocial and violent behavior? Low resting heart rate True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): Most brain imaging studies are essentially correlational and cross-sectional, not longitudinal. True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): Incurring brain damage increases the risk of criminal behavior. According to Glenn and Raine, neurocriminology interfaces with the judicial system at what three main levels? punishment, prediction and prevention True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): Neurocriminology is likely to result in a radical or swift shift in the operation of the criminal justice system in the very near future. True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): As the law currently stands in the U.S., the documentation of neurobiological risk factors render that individual as lacking responsibility. According to Glenn and Raine, for what reasons have methods used to predict future re- offending in about-to-be-released prisoners not incorporated neurobiological factors? First, the evolving body of knowledge on neurocriminology has not yet been accepted in the social sciences and among practitioners. Second, neurobiological measures are less easy to collect than behavioral, social and psychological data. Third, there have been longstanding ethical concerns about collecting biological data on offenders. True or false (according to Glenn and Raine): Medication, nutritional supplements, and brain manipulation may be useful to reducing crime. THEORIST VIDEO. RAINE Why did Raine say he avoided being bullied ? He held his ground and he used to do wrestling. He held his own True or false: Raine was in a “little gang.” Raine was an accountant for which airliner? British airways When Raine went for his interview to get into graduate school, what did he propose to study (when speaking with the professor who studied schizophrenia)? Biological basis to antisocial ( criminal behavior) What was Raine’s first job after getting his PhD? Prison psychologist How much biology did Raine study while in primary school? No biology at all

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

What does Raine think is the most important technology for his research? brain imaging (MRI, etc.) True or false: At the time of the interview, the National Institute of Health does not fund violence research. Does Raine think that interest in biological and biosocial research is increasing, staying the same, or decreasing? After talking about his lecture at York University, what does Raine say is the “challenge for the discipline of criminology”? one can be a criminilogist with open eyes and open mind , downside is it 's hard to re-track with new tools . ( 41:35 ) According to Raine, about what percent of paper presentations at the annual ASC (American Society of Criminology) have anything to do with biological factors? 1-2% According to Raine, what fundamental proposition of Lombroso “is still here with us now”? Physical traits predict who will commit crime , brain basis to crime According to Raine, what is “gone” from modern-day biological and biosocial criminology that was evident in the ideas proposed by Lombroso? ratial element, evolutionary hierarchy According to Raine, what is the earliest development period in a person’s life that can affect whether they commit crime? Even before the child is born True or false: According to Raine, simply interacting with someone – such as doing an interview – can lead to causal physical changes to the brain? True or false: According to Raine, only biological influences (i.e., not social influences) affect criminal involvement. If there is a biological basis to crime, a practical (i.e., policy) question is “What are we going to do about it (i.e., ‘fix it’)?” What is the first thing that Raine mentions as something that can be improved in kids to reduce crime later on? nutrition , omega 3's What treatment does Raine say “parents don’t like” for their children but that research shows to reduce aggressive behavior? Medication medicine? antidepressants? (at 1 hour and 4 minutes into the video) Is brain imaging research “ correlational” or “causal”? True or false: Raine thinks recidivist crime is a clinical disorder (e.g., like anxiety or depression). What is the first thing Raine says is his biggest contribution? very first paper he wrote in 1981, 01:15, biosocial.

What is the first thing Raine says he wish he had done that he didn’t (i.e., what would he have done differently )? he would have been a primary school teacher and that he could’ve made a bigger difference to people’s lives rather than him being a professor. What did Raine say was “really upsetting” to him? he’s had a lot of criticism and there’s been a lot of tough times ---- that there’s been allegations of racism What advice does Raine give to young, beginning scientists? recognize possibility exists, may not agree with some stuff but keep mind open. humility that you can be wrong . What is the first thing that Raine says criminology should be paying more attention to? biological contributions to crime causation Experimental criminology

StudyGuide.Biology

Related Documents