HTHSCI 1H06 Sample Midyear Exam F2023 (without answers)

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 1 of XX Site (please check one):  Conestoga /  McMaster /  Mohawk HTHSCI 1H06A *** SAMPLE MIDYEAR EXAM *** Human Anatomy and Physiology Instructor: Dr. Peter Helli DAY CLASS DURATION OF EXAMINATION: 2 Hours MCMASTER UNIVERSITY MIDYEAR EXAMINATION December 2023 THIS EXAMINATION PAPER INCLUDES XX PAGES AND 75 QUESTIONS WORTH A TOTAL OF 90 MARKS . YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING THAT YOUR COPY OF THE PAPER IS COMPLETE. BRING ANY DISCREPANCY TO THE ATTENTION OF YOUR INVIGILATOR. SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS: PLEASE WRITE YOUR NAME AND STUDENT NUMBER ON EVERY PAGE. PLEASE NOTE THAT THERE IS ONLY ONE VERSION OF THIS EXAM THIS EXAMINATION HAS TWO (2) SECTIONS. 1. SECTION A CONTAINS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS THAT MUST BE ANSWERED USING AN OPTICAL MARK RECOGNITION (OMR) ANSWER SHEET. DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OUT AN OMR SHEET CAN BE FOUND ON PAGE 2. PLEASE LEAVE THE VERSION COLUMN ON THE OMR (SCANTRON) SHEET BLANK. 2. SECTION B CONTAINS FIGURE QUESTIONS THAT ARE TO BE ANSWERED IN THE SPACES PROVIDED ON THE EXAM PAPER. THE EXAM PAPER AND THE OMR SHEET MUST BE HANDED IN AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 2 of XX OMR EXAMINATION - STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS NOTE: IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE THAT THE ANSWER SHEET IS PROPERLY COMPLETED: YOUR EXAMINATION RESULT DEPENDS UPON PROPER ATTENTION TO THESE INSTRUCTIONS. The scanner, which reads the sheets, senses the shaded areas by their non-reflection of light. A heavy mark must be made, completely filling the circular bubble, with an HB pencil. Marks made with a pen or felt-tip marker will NOT be sensed. Erasures must be thorough, or the scanner may still sense a mark. Do NOT use correction fluid on the sheets. Do NOT put any unnecessary marks or writing on the sheet. 1. On side 1 (red side) of the form, in the top box, in pencil, print your student number (NOTE: 9 digits) , name, course name, instructor name and date in the spaces provided. Then you MUST sign in the space marked SIGNATURE. 2. To indicate your answers, mark only ONE choice from the alternatives (1,2,3,4,5 or a,b,c,d,e) provided for each question. The question number is to the left of the bubbles. Make sure that the number of the question on the scan sheet is the same as the question number on the test paper. 3. Pay particular attention to the Marking Directions on the form. 4. Begin answering questions using the first set of bubbles, marked "1".

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 4 of XX 6. How does the thoracic spinal cord differ from other sections of the spinal cord? A) It contains dorsal grey matter B) It contains lateral grey matter C) It contains lateral white matter D) It contains dorsal white matter 7. Afferent information for pain and temperature sensations: A) Enter the spinal cord by the ventral root of a spinal nerve B) Synapse with neurons in the ventral grey horn of the spinal cord C) Cross over in the brainstem at the level of the medulla oblongata D) Are conveyed to the brainstem, thalamus, and postcentral gyrus 8. Proprioceptive information travels up which two white matter tracts of the spinal cord? A) Dorsal columns and spinocerebellar tracts B) Corticospinal and spinocerebellar tracts C) Dorsal columns and spinothalamic tracts D) Spinothalamic and spinocerebellar tracts 9. A 19-year-old suffers a penetrating injury that has severed the left half of the spinal cord at the T6 level. Which deficit would you expect the patient to experience? A) Spastic paralysis of muscles in the right lower limb B) Atrophy and hyporeflexia in the muscles of the left lower limb C) Loss of touch and pressure sensations below the lesion on the right-hand side D) Loss of pain and temperature sensations below the lesion on the right-hand side 10. A lesion to the lateral corticospinal tracts would be accompanied by which clinical sign? A) Hyporeflexia B) Muscle atrophy C) Positive Babinski sign D) Flaccid paralysis 11. Paresis in the T5 myotome that is NOT accompanied by sensory loss in the same dermatome is likely due to damage to what structure? A) T5 ventral spinal root B) T5 mixed spinal nerve C) T5 dorsal root ganglion D) T5 ventral ramus 12. A patient presents with loss of sensation in the distribution of the musculocutaneous nerve but has no difficulties in elbow flexion. Where is the lesion located? A) Upper roots of the brachial plexus B) Lower roots of the brachial plexus C) Musculocutaneous nerve at the elbow D) Musculocutaneous nerve at the axilla

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 5 of XX 13. Upper motor neurons are present in all the following structures, EXCEPT the: A) Precentral gyrus of the cortex B) Cerebral peduncles of the midbrain C) Pyramidal tracts of the medulla D) Ventral motor root of the spinal cord 14. Different types of connective tissue contain different types of cells. Which is the predominant cell type found in mature, compact bone? A) Chondrocytes B) Osteocytes C) Osteoblasts D) Osteoclasts 15. Which of the following statements concerning a synovial joint is INCORRECT? A) The joint capsule spans the joint and is continuous with the periosteum of the bone. B) Synovial joints have the greatest mobility but at the same time are the least stable. C) The ends of the bones contained within the joint are completely ossified. D) A meniscus (articular disc) helps improve the fit of two bones with different shapes. 16. How would a bone fracture that results in multiple splintered segments of bone that pierce the skin be classified? A) Simple compression fracture B) Compound comminuted fracture C) Simple greensick fracture D) Compound spiral fracture 17. Which type of joint is formed between the radius and humerus and allows for supination / pronation of the forearm? A) Ball and socket joint B) Hinge joint C) Pivot joint D) Condyloid joint 18. When does contraction (force generation) in skeletal muscle begin? A) When acetylcholine binds to ligand gated ion channels on the motor end plate B) When sodium ions enter through voltage gated ion channels on the muscle fiber C) When an action potential travels down the t-tubules of the muscle fiber D) When calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle fiber

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 7 of XX 26. A patient experiences loss of sensation in a stripe of skin along the front and back of the medial aspect of the arm and forearm. This is accompanied by paresis of the finger adductors. The lesion would most likely be in the: A) Lower roots of the brachial plexus B) Upper roots of the brachial plexus C) Median nerve D) Ulnar nerve 27. Which nerve innervates the deltoid muscle? A) Axillary nerve B) Long thoracic nerve C) Thoraco-dorsal nerve D) Musculocutaneous nerve 28. Which statement concerning the pectoralis muscles of the anterior chest wall is CORRECT? A) The pectoralis major is a stabilizer of the scapula B) The pectoralis minor is superficial to the pectoralis major C) The pectoralis minor aids in retraction of the scapula D) The pectoralis major aids in flexion of the shoulder 29. Which nerve is responsible for conveying cutaneous sensations from the anterolateral aspect of the forearm? A) Radial B) Ulnar C) Median D) Musculocutaneous 30. A tear in the supraspinatus muscle would likely result in difficulties: A) Adducting the humerus B) Abducting the arm (first 20 degrees) C) Extending the cervical vertebrae D) Elevating the scapula 31. Which structure is injured in a shoulder separation? A) Joint capsule B) Rotator cuff muscles C) Axillary nerve D) Acromioclavicular ligament 32. Injury to the median nerve, proximal to the elbow, be associated with: A) Loss of sensation in the T1 dermatome B) Difficulties abducting and adducting the fingers C) Difficulties in flexion and opposition of the thumb D) Loss of sensation on the lateral aspect of the forearm

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 8 of XX 33. Which superficial muscle of the forearm allows one to form a good grip with the palm of the hand so that they can “swing from the chandelier”? A) Pronator teres B) Flexor carpi radialis C) Palmaris longus D) Flexor digitorum profundus 34. Which structure forms the ‘roof’ of the carpal tunnel? A) The transverse carpal ligament B) The flexor tendon sheath C) The carpal bones D) The extensor retinaculum 35. The muscles of the thenar and hypothenar eminence of the hand work together to perform which action? A) Flexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint B) Adduction of the digits C) Opposition of the digits D) Adduction of the thumb 36. Which muscle extends, abducts, and externally rotates the thigh? A) Gluteus medius B) Gluteus maximus C) Iliopsoas D) Tensor fascia latae 37. Contraction of which muscle will result in extension of the hip joint. A) Gluteus maximus B) Quadriceps C) Iliopsoas D) Quadratus lumborum 38. Which of the following is LEAST responsible for stabilizing the hip joint? A) Iliopsoas muscle B) Superior gluteal nerve C) Iliofemoral ligament D) Gluteus maximus muscle 39. Which structure does the tibial nerve pass through to exit the pelvis and enter the lower limb? A) Inguinal canal B) Adductor hiatus C) Greater sciatic foramen D) Obturator foramen

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 10 of XX 46. Which of the following statements concerning endocrine hormones is INCORRECT? A) Lipophilic hormones normally will enter the cell and after a few steps bind to a hormone response element B) Oxytocin binds to intracellular receptors which enter the nucleus to activate hormone response elements C) Hydrophilic hormones normally bind to surface receptors and cause production of second messengers within the cell D) Production of a second messenger leads to amplification of the effects of hormone binding 47. A 30-year-old person has been living with an undiagnosed growth hormone-secreting tumour of the anterior pituitary for the past 5 years. Which of the following would you expect to observe in this person? A) Persistently low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia) B) Gigantism (increased height) due to excessive long bone growth C) Course facial features, thickened skin, and broadened nose D) Elevated levels of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) 48. Where is the hormone oxytocin produced ? A) In the hypothalamus B) In the posterior pituitary C) In the cervix D) In the anterior pituitary 49. A patient has a thyroid adenoma that is secreting large amounts of thyroid hormone. Which of the following would you expect to observe in this patient’s blood work? A) Low T 3 and T 4 levels B) High TSH levels C) Low TRH levels D) High cholesterol levels 50. Which of the following statements regarding thyroid hormones is CORRECT? A) Their release is regulated by a positive feedback pathway B) Peripheral tissues convert T4 into T3 C) The thyroid gland mainly makes T3 (triiodothyronine) D) Thyroid hormone is made by modifying the amino acid tryptophan 51. The parathyroid glands secrete a hormone that: A) Reduces serum calcium levels B) Decreases the activity of osteoclasts C) Antagonizes the effects of calcitonin D) Enhances kidney excretion of calcium

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 11 of XX 52. Why is the hormone calcitonin less effective in adults than it is in children? A) Because osteoblasts are more active in children than adults B) Because androgens and estrogens promote the closure of the epiphyseal growth plates C) Because parathyroid hormone promotes renal production of active vitamin D D) Because osteoclasts are less active in children than adults 53. Which layer of the adrenal gland is responsible for salt and water balance? A) Fasciculata B) Reticularis C) Glomerulosa D) Medulla 54. The stress response involves release of all the following, EXCEPT: A) ACTH from the posterior pituitary B) Catecholamines from the adrenal medulla C) Mineralocorticoids from the zona glomerulosa D) Cortisol from the zona fasciculata 55. A second-year nursing student is preparing to meet their very first client in the clinical setting. As the student approaches the room, they notice their palms become cool and sweaty, their heart begins to race, and their mouth suddenly feels dry. Which of the following mediators is responsible for this physiological response? A) Mineralocorticoids B) Glucocorticoids C) Cortisol D) Catecholamines So on and so forth... CONTINUE TO SECTION B (ANSWERS TO BE PLACED IN THE SPACES PROVIDED)

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 13 of XX Question 2 (3 marks) Identify muscle (A) . (0.5 marks) Name one function of (A) . (0.5 marks) Identify muscle (B) . (0.5 marks) Name one function of muscle (B) . (0.5 marks) Identify muscle (C) . (0.5 marks) Name one function of muscle (C) . (0.5 marks)

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 14 of XX Question 3 (3 marks) Identify the muscle indicated by (A) . (0.5 marks) What peripheral nerve innervates muscle (A) ? (0.5 marks) What artery accompanies muscle (A) in this region? (0.5 marks) Name one major function of muscle (A) . (0.5 marks) What levels of the spinal cord are tested by eliciting a deep tendon reflex in muscle (A) ? (0.5 marks) Name one muscle that antagonizes the actions of muscle (A) . (0.5 marks)

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 16 of XX Question 5 (3 marks) Identify the depression (A) at the base of the thumb (borders indicated by dashed lines). (0.5 marks) The tendon of what muscle forms the superior border of depression (A) ? (0.5 marks) What artery runs through the base of depression (A) ? (0.5 marks) Pain in depression (A), after a fall on an outstretched hand, is due to injury to what bone? (0.5 marks) What intrinsic muscles of the hand flexes joint (B) ? (0.5 marks) What peripheral nerve(s) innervate the muscles that flex joint (B) ? (0.5 marks)

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 17 of XX Question 6 (3 marks) Identify the structure indicated by (A) . (0.5 marks) Identify the bone indicated by (B) . (0.5 marks) From which major artery does bone (B) receive its blood supply? (0.5 marks) What muscle is MOST responsible for stabilizing this joint when it is bearing weight as a person is walking? (0.5 marks) What nerve passes through opening (C) ? (0.5 marks) What muscle group is innervated by the nerve that passes through opening C? (0.5 marks)

Name____________________ McMaster Student Number__________________ Page 19 of XX Question 8 (3 marks) Identify the muscle group labeled (A) . (0.5 marks) What artery directly supplies blood to muscle (A) ? (0.5 marks) What peripheral nerve innervates muscle (A) ? (0.5 marks) What bony prominence do the tendons of muscle (A) pass over to alter their direction? (0.5 marks) Name one major action of muscle (A) . (0.5 marks) Identify the bone labeled (B) . (0.5 marks) THE END