Anatomy and Physiology EXAM #4 Study Guide
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical School *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
PN 103
Subject
Anatomy
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
2
Uploaded by MinisterWillpower16892
PN 103 ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
FALL 2023/SCHMITT
Exam #4 STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER 16 Vascular System
Define arteries, vein, and capillaries Describe capillary exchange Differentiate between systemic, hepatic and pulmonary circulation Locate and discuss the importance of the major vessels of the body Discuss blood pressure and peripheral resistance in blood flow Discuss the influence of the nervous system and hormones on the regulation of blood pressure and flow Explain how the heart and kidneys are involved in the regulation of blood pressure CHAPTER 18 Respiratory System
Describe the structure and function the upper respiratory system Describe the structure and function the lower respiratory system Describe the structure and function of the muscles used in pulmonary ventilation. Describe the neural control of breathing Identify normal versus abnormal inhalation and expiration Describe the variations in respiratory rhythm Discuss how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood Explain how the respiratory system controls pH
CHAPTER 17 Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Define immunity List the variety of mechanisms that protect the body against infection Differentiate antibodies from antigens Describe the development of hypersensitivity Explain the differences between active and passive immunity Discuss selected immune system disorders FOCUS TIPS:
P. 329 Hepatic Portal Circulation-what is its purpose (liver filters blood) and blood from digestive organs flows through liver before returning to IVC
P. 327.first paragraph. Know these arteries. Carotid arteries provide most of the blood supply to the brain.
How is oxygen transported in the blood- bonded to hemoglobin in the RBCs
Capillaries, arterioles, veins, venules. Know the differences. What are exchange vessels?
P351 The body’s first line of defense -skin and mucous membranes
Surfactant. What is it, what does it do. What happens when alveoli lacks surfactant
Why is normal exhalation passive- related to lung elasticity P. 318 vessel structure. Why are inner vessels smooth.
Pressure gradient-p 330. Blood is able to move around the entire body because of pressure gradient.
Nasal cavity, and purpose of mucus in the nasal cavity. Where is it, what does it do
Lymphatic system functions: immunity /fluid balance
Know mechanism of pulmonary ventilation. The diaphragm moves up or down during exhalation.
Breathing response to hypoxia- -increases to bring in more O2
P.355 Elevated body temp/fever inhibits reproduction of virus /bacteria
Vaccines take the place of helper T cells/macrophages
Why is a person without a spleen at risk for infections.p. 350 purple box
P. 332 Blood vessels constrict and dilate as needed to maintain blood pressure
Trachea branches to Left and right what next structure- p 370
Location of spleen - first paragraph p 350
Carbon Dioxide role in regulating respirations
Location of lower respiratory tract where aspirated object most likely to get stuck.p 370 green box
Diaphragm, where is it, what does it do.
Arteries p. 319- first paragraph.Carry blood biggest to smallest- Aorta, arteries, arterioles Larynx-blue box . 369 cartilage keeps it from collapsing
Trachea- purple box p 370 cartilage important.
Know differences- Natural passive immunity/natural active immunity, etc… p, 356 body at work -Flash cards for these would be helpful
Pulmonary circulation: RV-Lungs-LA
P 345 lymph tissue of the pharynx-tonsils -- purple box
Epiglottis, where is it what does it do. Why is it important.
Purpose of inflammation -P 354 second sentence.
Function of pulm. Circulation- p 324 brings deoxygenated blood to alveoli for gas exchange-review animation
Know layers of blood vessels and what they’re made of.
P. 331 3 factors that affect BP--- Blood volume , involvement of kidney affect on BP
What is normally in the pleural cavity
Primary function of lymph nodes
T cells-what are they what do they do
How much % O2 is in room air? 21%
Location/ purpose of valves in lymph system
Inspiratory reserve volume, what is it, what does it mean
Transport of CO2 p 386 #3 bicarb ions.
Know the diagrams we did in assignment #4
Factors that increase or decrease BP- P 331-333
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help