Unit 6 Packet

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Eastern Idaho Technical College *

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Aerospace Engineering

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Feb 20, 2024

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Unit 6 – Respiratory Unit Respiratory System The cells of our body must have _____________oxygen__________________ in order to live! The respiratory system supplies __________oxygen_______________________. Nasal Passage Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchial Tube Pleura Bronchiole Alveoli Diaphragm

Anatomical Structure Function Lungs The main ____organ____________________ of the respiratory system Provide the body with _______oxygen_______________ and eliminate ________carbon dioxide__________________. Pleura: moist outside of the lungs Parietal pleura: surrounds the lungs Visceral pleura: inner layer Pleura provides: moisture movement Pleura cavity: space between the 2 pleura Right lung has ______3_________ lobes The left lung has _____2________ lobes The respiratory system performs two major tasks: External respiration: Breathing, exchange of air between body and outside Internal respiration: bring oxygen to the cells and remove carbon dioxide EXTERNAL RESPIRATION Inspiration: or __inhalation_____ brings air into the _______mouth____ or ________nose____. Air passes through the ___________nasal cavity_________ and the _____paranasal sinus_______ and is warmed by ____________cilia and mucous_________. Cilia are _______small hairs ____________ that filter ______foreign bodies_________________. Throat The throat or ____pharynx______ has 3 sections 1) Nasopharynx: It contains the _adenoids_____________ 2) Oropharynx: back portion of the mouth Contains the ____palatine tonsils_______ 3) Laryngopharynx: bottom section

Esophagus Esophagus: passageway for food Epiglottis: flap that covers the larynx Aspiration: food goes into the larynx Larynx Larynx or ____voice box____________ is the place which ___air passes to trachea_____________. Air goes into the ___larynx_______ where ___speech________ takes place. Size and _thickness_____ of __cords___ determine the pitch of sound. Males: thicker and longer cards produce lower pitch Thyroid cartilage or __Adams apple____ supports the larynx. Trachea Trachea or _windpipe____ is a _tube that connects the larynx to the right and left bronchi_____. Bronchi: passageways through which air enters the lungs Bronchioles: smallest bronchi During expiration: air is pushed out and into the environment Internal respiration Alveoli: at the end of each bronchiole Alveoli connect: to capillaries (small blood vessels) Oxygen exchange takes place in the ___alveoli-caps____ _Carbon dioxide___ is sent from the capillaries into the _alveoli____. Oxygen is then delivered to the body’s cell __Carbon dioxide____ is then expelled. Muscles for Breathing Muscle contractions: enlarge the volume during inspiration and decrease volume during expiration Major muscles: diaphragm and intercostals muscles The diaphragm lowers when it _contracts___ allowing _more space in thoracic cavity__. The intercostals pull __ribs up__ enlarging the __thoracic cavity __ ____________________________________________

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Disease/Disorder Etiology S/S TX Asthma Bronchial airway obstruction Difficulty breathing accompanied by wheezing and coughing Inhaler, reduce intensity of exercise, exercise where there is moisture in the air Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi Cough that produces mucous, lack of energy, fever, wheezing Rest, fluids, cold syrups, antibiotics Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic obstruction of the bronchial tubes and lungs Morning cough, yellow- green sputum. Chronic cough, wheezing Prevention Quit smoking Develop a healthy lifestyle Epistaxis Results from trauma, or rupture of a blood vessel in the nose Bleeding from the nose Pinch nose, pack, apply cold compress Anthracosis Caused by coal dust in the lungs Shortness of breath (SOB) Severe coughing Phlegm production No cure, help with the symptoms makes the patient feel a little better Emphysema Affects the elderly, especially adults who smoke heavily and those with asthma or chronic bronchitis. Unable to exhale all air from lungs causing carbon dioxide to build up in the lungs and damage the alveoli. Breathing becomes difficult, and the client becomes short of breath with the slightest exertion No cure once lung damage occurs Quit smoking Medications oxygen Lung Cancer Caused by exposure to carcinogens, such as smoke from cigarettes or any other cancer-causing substances. Early stages- no symptoms Later stages- the client may have hemoptysis, dyspnea, weight loss, chest pain. Surgery Chemotherapy Radiation or a combo. of both treatments Pneumonia Inflammation and infection of the lungs Shaking, chills, fever, sweating, cough, rapid Penicillin or other antibiotics

breathing, muscle pain Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura Causes sharp stabbing pain while breathing, dyspnea, fever, and grating sounds in the lungs when breathing known as crepitation. First treat the infection with antibiotics. Pain killers, and anti-inflammatory drugs Hemoptysis Can occur with chronic lung diseases, TB, lung cancer, or trauma Coughing up blood from the lungs or bronchial tubes With large amounts of blood, it is a medical emergency, gas exchange can’t take place in the capillaries. Must stop the cause of the bleeding. Tuberculosis Highly infectious diseases caused by bacteria called bacilli that invade the lungs and cause small swellings and inflammation Sharp pain in the chest, spitting up blood, fever, loss of appetite, night sweats Prevention with vaccination, medication (antibiotics) Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) A viral infection of part or all of the upper respiratory tract Sneezing, watery eyes, sore throat, and cough. There is no cure Rest and treat the symptoms with pain relievers and other cold medication What is the difference between Influenza (Flu) and COVID-19 (corona virus) Please look up the answers on your own using the websites below Influenza (Flu) and COVID-19 (corona virus) are both contagious respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses. - COVID-19 (Corona virus) is caused by infection with a new coronavirus called _SARS-CoV-2_______________ - (Influenza) flu is caused by ___infection_____ with influenza viruses . • Please visit https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm for more information on flu & covid19 Signs and Symptoms of Flu (influenza) and covid-19 (cornona virus) *Common symptoms that COVID-19 and flu share include: • Fever or feeling feverish/chills • cough • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing • fatigue

• Sore throat • Runny or stuffy nose • Muscle pain or body aches • headache • Tx: rest, drink lots of water and see your doctor Covid 19 has the same signs and symptoms as the flu (influenza): COVID-19 seems to cause more serious illnesses in some people . • Other signs and symptoms of COVID-19, different from flu, may include: • change in or loss of _taste or smell_______________________________ • Temperature higher than __100.4___________________ • Tx: Rest, drink lots of fluids, make an immediate apt to see your doctor/get covid tested • There is currently a cure available Please visit https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm for more information on the flu & covid 19 Breathing LAB 1. Write the path of air from inspiration to expiration. Air enters through the nose, pharynx, enters the trachea, moves through the bronchi and bronchioles till the alveoli. 2. The cells of our body must have what in order to live? And the respiratory system supplies this. Oxygen 3. Have your lab partner count your respiration per minute. Procedure: Relax in your chair or lay down. Your lab partner counts the number of chest rise per minute. Record your results Name Respirations per minute Mae 20 Lizzy 27 4. Approximately how many breaths per hour? Name Respirations per hour

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Mae 1200 Lizzy 1620 5. Approximately how many breaths per day? Name Respirations per day Mae 28800 Lizzy 38880 Now let’s add exercise!! 6. Prediction: Discuss what will happen during exercise with inhalation and expiration. What does your body need more of? Oxygen 7. Lets Exercise!! As a class you will do jumping jacks and run in place for 1 minute. Immediately following you will sit and your lab partner will count chest rise for a minute. Record your results and repeat for the other lab partner. Name Respirations per minute after exercise Mae 28 Izzy 34 8. Repeat #7 while breathing through a straw. Record results. Name Respirations per minute through straw Mae 31 Izzy 36 9. Why is it harder to exercise while breathing through a straw? Because you can’t get as much oxygen

10. What health concern would this portion of the lab mimic? Not getting enough oxygen/restriction of oxygen

Unit 6 Packet

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