7-2 Final Project Milestone Three- Adjusting Entries and Communication
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1
Milestone 2
7-2 Final Project Milestone Three: Adjusting Entries and Communication
Sherry Gerges
Southern New Hampshire University
ACC 610: Financial Reporting 1
Professor: Dr. Stephen Weiss
February 3
rd
, 2024
2
Milestone 2
Adjusting Entries
In this paper, I will be discussing the type of depreciation method that Costco Wholesale uses and why they use that method. I will also identify an example of an adjusting entry and discuss whether Costco Wholesale has this account/entry listed on its balance sheet. Depreciation Method
Costco Wholesale utilizes the straight-line depreciation method which is approved by both GAAP and IFRS. This method evenly distributes the cost to the depreciation expense for fixed assets, considering the asset's life cycle. The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of this approach offer advantages, assuming the asset consistently depreciates in alignment with its anticipated life cycle. Due to Costco's substantial asset inventory, choosing the straight-line method proves to be a time-efficient strategy. This decision significantly simplifies their financial reporting, as they can stick to a single depreciation method. The elimination of the necessity for various methods corresponding to different aspects streamlines the depreciation process for their quarterly or annual financial reporting.
To maintain a balance between assets and liabilities at the close of an accounting period, a company must ensure the adjustment of entries, correcting discrepancies in journals that are not
current. An illustration of this practice involves accrued expenses, such as salaries and benefits for employees, representing earned payment for labor not yet disbursed by the business. Given that many businesses follow specific payment schedules for labor, accrued labor on financial reports reflects the amount employees have earned up to a certain date but will be paid in future paychecks.
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Milestone 2
In Costco's 2022 balance sheet, Accrued Salaries and Benefits are duly listed among their
current liabilities. In 2021, this account was recorded at $4,090, experiencing a 1.7% increase to $4,381 in 2022 (Costco Wholesale 2022 Annual Report, 2022). Potential reasons for this uptick could be attributed to new hires during the year and/or salary increases for existing employees. Indeed, Costco's Annual Report for 2022 explicitly acknowledges the implementation of wage and benefit increases that had an impact on their Accrued Salaries and Benefits for the year.
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Milestone 2
Memorandum
To:
Ron Vachris, President, CEO and Director From:
Sherry Gerges, Controller
Date:
February 3
rd
, 2024 Subject:
Transitioning from GAAP to IFRS
In this memo, I will be discussing the advantages and disadvantages of transitioning from
GAAP to IFRS. Advantages
Two of the advantages of transitioning from GAAP to IFRS are a globally harmonized system and greater transparency of information and better communication. “The purpose of standardization is to establish common rules with the dual aim of standardization and rationalizing the presentation of accounting information likely to meet the presumed needs of multiple users” (Oanh, 2022). GAAP is utilized within the United States, whereas IFRS is recognized on a broader international scale. This difference proves advantageous for expanding business operations and establishing connections with potential foreign partners. By aligning with IFRS, Costco creates more significant opportunities for attracting foreign investors. If Costco Wholesale decided to transition from GAAP to IFRS they would be able to have greater transparency of information and better communication with international companies. “Its mission is to regulate financial communication but also to increase transparency and comparability of information intended for investors, firms, financial markets, and supervisory authorities” (Oanh, 2022).
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Disadvantages
Two of the disadvantages of transitioning from GAAP to IFRS is lack of detail and signification adoption costs. IFRS is considered less detailed compared to GAAP and “GAAP is considered the gold standard for financial reporting” (Oanh, 2022). The transition is also very costly to implement because of the need to reeducate and train all accounting employees on the new standards.
6
Milestone 2
Memorandum
To:
Ron Vachris, President, CEO and Director From:
Sherry Gerges, Controller
Date:
February 3
rd
, 2024 Subject:
Bankruptcy
In this memo, I will be discussing the issue at hand with our biggest customer who has
just gone bankrupt. From our knowledge, their accounts receivable balance is at least $100,000.
Since there is an amount owed by the customer, it is unlikely that we will receive this amount. I
am working with our teams to see the options we can take to ensure that this situation is handled.
Although this was something out of our control, we do have funds in our doubtful
accounts for issues like this one. We are working on finding a way to ensure that this doesn’t
affect us as badly as we believe it has. We are waiting for the banks to see what the assets of the
customer are so we can collect as much as we can from them to try and resolve this issue. At this time, I do not have any more information to provide to you regarding this matter
but I will be sure to inform you of an update every step of the way. Once the issue is finalized, I
will get in contact with you to inform you of the progress and the steps that were taken to resolve
this matter. This was very unexpected but are doing the best we can to make sure that this is
handled properly and smoothly. Thank you for your time and patience in this matter.
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References
Costco Wholesale 2022 Annual Report
. (2022, December 7). Retrieved February 3, 2024, from https://s201.q4cdn.com/287523651/files/doc_financials/2022/ar/Costco-2022-
Annual-Report.pdf
Oanh, N. (2022, January 19).
Advantages and Disadvantages of International Accounting Standards IFRS
. appvizer.co.uk. https://www.appvizer.co.uk/magazine/accounting-
finance/accounting/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-international-accounting-standards
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