Introduction to Federal Taxation

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Apr 3, 2024

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Introduction to Federal Taxation: Homework Week One Solange Sanchez ACCT 553 Professor. Khaled Abdel Ghany 3/01/2024
Question 6 – Chapter 1 What is the test which distinguishes between tax avoidance and tax evasion? Due to the difficulty of working to differentiate between tax avoidance and tax evasion, Congress enacted a provision in the 1954 Internal Revenue Code. The 1986 Code primarily focuses on the intent of the person that committed fraud. The titled tax evasion is under section 7201 called “Attempt to Evade or Defeat Tax” and it reads: Any person who willfully attempts in any manner to evade or defeat any tax imposed by this title or the payment thereof shall, in addition to other penalties provided by law, be guilty of a felony and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $100,000 ($500,000 in the case of a corporation), or imprisoned not more than five years, or both, together with the costs of prosecution. Question 8 – Chapter 2 List the three trial courts that have jurisdiction over tax cases. There are three trial courts that have jurisdiction over tax cases, the U.S Tax Court, the U.S District Courts, and the U.S Court of Federal Claims. Question 30 – Chapter 2 What could constitute “reasonable cause” for purposes of the delinquency penalties? There are a total of nine considered circumstances that fall under reasonable cause for failure to file and/or pay taxes. They are: 1. A return mailed in time but returned for insufficient postage. 2. A return filed within the legal period but in the wrong district. 3. Death or serious illness of the taxpayer or in the immediate family. 4. Unavoidable absence of the taxpayer. 5. Destruction of the taxpayer’s business or business records by fire or other casualty. 6. Erroneous information given the taxpayer by an IRS official, or a request for proper blanks or returns not furnished by the IRS in sufficient time to permit the filing of the return by the due date.
7. The taxpayer made an effort to obtain assistance or information necessary to complete the return by a personal appearance at an IRS office but was unsuccessful because the taxpayer, through no fault, was unable to see an IRS representative. 8. The taxpayer is unable to obtain the records necessary to determine the amount of tax due for reasons beyond the taxpayer’s control. 9. The taxpayer contacts a competent tax adviser, furnishes the necessary information, and then is incorrectly advised that the filing of a return is not required. Question 31 – Chapter 3 Compute Marie’s taxable income for 2023, assuming she is single and claims two dependent children. Her adjusted gross income is $70,000, and she has itemized deductions of $21,800. Since personal exemptions have been suspended until 2025 and Marie is filing for 2023 her only deduction will be $21,800. Meaning that the total taxable income for Marie is her gross income of $70,000 minus his itemized deductions of $21,800 which equals $48,200. Question 47 – Chapter 3 Which of the following individuals are required to file a tax return for 2023? Assume no tax has been withheld. Rebecca, single and with no dependents, earned $14,200 for the year. The 2023 threshold for filling taxes for single individuals is more than $13,800. Since Rebecca made more than the standard threshold, she will need to file taxes for 2023. Hugh and Jane are married and file a joint return. They have four children. Their gross income is $30,000 and they have itemized deductions of $25,000. Since Hugh and Jane have a gross income of $30,000 and itemized reductions of $25,000, they are under the tax threshold and for that reason they do not have to file taxes for 2023. However, they might want to as they have children and may qualify for the Child Tax Credit. Peter has self-employment income of $450. He is a full-time college student and is claimed as a dependent on his parents’ return. The standard deduction threshold is different for dependents at $400. Since Peter is earning $450 he is over the threshold and needs to file a tax return in 2023.
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References: Harmelink, E.P.S.R.H. J. (2023).   Federal Taxation: Comprehensive Topics (2024)   (24th ed.). Wolters Kluwer Tax and Accounting CCH, Inc.   https://devry.vitalsource.com/books/9780808059530 University of San Francisco. (2023, January 10). Tax Research - Federal: Cases . Cases - Tax Research - Federal - LibGuides at University of San Francisco School of Law. https://legalresearch.usfca.edu/c.php?g=523831&p=3581111