ACC 311 7-2 Final Project II

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1 7-2 Final Project II Submission Harriet Creyer 7-2 Final Project II Southern New Hampshire University ACC 311 – Cost Accounting
2 7-2 Final Project II Submission Organizational Financial Analysis Report SRS Educational Supply Company provides educational materials and supplies to educational institutions. The company provides educational supply needs that includes workbooks, classroom visual aids, instructor support materials, art supplies, lab supplies, and administrative office supplies. The company is a wholly owned company, and it performs the bulk of its work for the print materials to its customers. The SRS Educational Supply company had a fantastic year as of the 2017 budgets. They were able to increase their overall gross profits, to calculate this, the easiest way would be to calculate the Gross Margin Ratio. To do this we (Revenues – Cost of Goods Sold)/Revenues; from the information pertaining to 2017 this would be (8,000,000- 4,020,000)/8,000,000=0.4975 which equates to 49.75%. Anything over 20% would be considered a healthy company. With the way things are progressing for SRS Educational Company I would suggest that they keep going with their in-house production within the company as it only seems to add strengths to their growing business. During this report we will review the budgets and dates for the 1 st Quarter of the new fiscal year. Sales Budget Sales Budget July August September Quarter Sales   $ 600,000 $ 910,000 $ 475,000 $ 1,985,000     Schedule of Cash Collections   July August September Quarter June sales (A/R From Beginning Balance Sheet) 340,000 340,000 July sales - Collected in Current Month 180,000 180,000 July sales - Collected in Following Month 420,000 420,000 August sales - Collected in 273,000 273,000
3 7-2 Final Project II Submission Current Month August sales - Collected in Following Month 637,000 637,000 September sales - Collected in Current Month 142,500 142,500 Total Expected Cash Collections $ 520,000 $ 693,000 $ 779,500 $ 1,992,500             Total Sales for the Quarter $ 1,985,000 A/R at the end of the Quarter (September Sales Still Not Collected) $ 332,500 Fig. 1 The sales budget as shown in Fig. 1 allows us to see the project outcome for the sales of the in-house printing. Shown is the 1 st quarter of the new fiscal year, July and August tend to be the busiest months as that is when the larger orders come through for the start of the school year. With the sales dropping for September due to many items being on the previous large orders there is a slight drop. After reviewing the data from last year, it shows that September and October tend to be the slower months and the stabilizing from November onwards. When we calculate the estimated expected cash collections we use many different resources to obtain the information. The estimated sales for July were 600k, however I have estimated that an expected 520k in cash collections from the sales. This is due to 30% being collected during the month of July and 70% being collected in August. The schedule of expected cash collections is to report the majority of sales the month after sales are made, this gives customers who pay of credit to pay within their time frames. The most profitable month by estimation would be September, even though it’s the lowest month regarding the level of sales, due to the 70% of revenue being collected from the previous month it has increased the expected cash collections to $779.5k. Overall, for this quarter the sales was $1,985,000 with our estimations being $1,992,500. Also, it needs to be noted that $332.5k of sales won’t be collected until October. Purchasing Budget
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4 7-2 Final Project II Submission     Inventory Purchase Budget   July August September October Sales     $ 600,000 $ 910,000 $ 475,000 $ 385,000 Cost of Merchandise as % of Sales 45% 45% 45% 45% Budgeted Cost of Merchandise Sold $ 270,000 $ 409,500 $ 213,750 $ 173,250     Following Month's COGS $ 409,500 $ 213,750 $ 173,250   Desired Ending Inventory % 20% 20% 20%   Desired Ending Inventory Dollars 81,900 42,750 34,650       Budgeted Cost of Merchandise Sold 270,000 409,500 213,750 893,250 Plus, Desired Ending Inventory 81,900 42,750 34,650   Total Inventory Needs 351,900 452,250 248,400   Less Beginning Inventory (50,000) (81,900) (42,750)   Required Purchases $ 301,900 $ 370,350 $ 205,650                 Schedule of Expected Cash Disbursements - Purchases     July August September Quarter June Purchases (A/P From Balance Sheet) $ 130,000 $ 130,000 July Purchases $ 150,950 $ 150,950 $ 301,900 August Purchases $ 185,175 $ 185,175 $ 370,350 September Purchases $ 102,825 $ 102,825 Total Disbursements $ 280,950 $ 336,125 $ 288,000 $ 905,075               Cost of Merchandise Sold for the Quarter $ 893,250 Ending Inventory at the end of the Quarter $ 34,650
5 7-2 Final Project II Submission Ending A/P at the end of the Quarter $ 102,825 Fig. 2 The purchasing budget allows us to confirm how much inventory has been used each month and roughly how much will be needed for the following month. This projection along with the estimated sales it allows easy replenishments as well as maintaining steady inventory budgets and inventory itself. An easy formula SRS can use to calculate the desired inventory levels would be to use the formula: Budgets Cost of Goods Sold + desired ending inventory – beginning inventory = The required amount of inventory to purchase. Looking at the budget in Fig. 2 we can see that the cost of merchandise as a % sold is 45%, if we look at July as an example: with $600k worth of sales, 45% of that is $270k. SRS as a company have a desired ending inventory of 20%. The budgeted cost of merchandise sold which is calculated by: sales * cost of merchandise as a percentage of sales. After this step we add the desired ending inventory (which is calculated by the following month's cost of goods sold times by the desired ending inventory percentage). Final step is to minus the beginning inventory this is the previous month ending inventory to determine the required purchase for each month. We use the following month Budgeted Cost of Merchandise Sold to determine the desired ending inventory. So, August Sales is $910k *45% = $409,500; $409,500*20% equals $81,900. $81900 is the desired ending inventory balance for July. This step is repeated throughout the quarterly report. This leaves us with an ending inventory of $34,650 to start October with. The total cost of merchandise sold for the quarter (1 of our busiest quarters) is $893. The information within the assumptions plan
6 7-2 Final Project II Submission suggests that the inventory purchases paid for in the current month and the following month would be 50% for each. When using these calculations, the 50% of June's cash disbursement and 50% of July's cash disbursement is added together the total disbursement is $280,950. July required inventory purchases totaling $301,900. This leaves SRS company with a deficit of $20,950 ($301,900 - $280,950 = $20950). Each month had a deficit between the expected cash disbursements and the inventory purchase, and this caused a significant variance, these deficits in time will prove problematic when calculating actual costs or trying to start a new fiscal year. The ending balance of the accounts payable was a deficit of $102,825 for this quarter. Admin Budget               Selling and Administrative Budget   July August Septembe r Quarter Sales $ 600,000 $ 910,000 $ 475,000 $ 1,985,00 0 Shipping as a Percentage of Sales 5% 5% 5% 5% Other Expenses as a Percentage of Sales 8% 8% 8% 8%         Variable Expenses:   Shipping 30,000 45,500 23,750 99,250 Other Expenses 48,000 72,800 38,000 158,800 Total Variable Expenses 78,000 118,300 61,750 258,050 Fixed Expenses:   Salaries and Wages 85,000 85,000 85,000 255,000 Advertising 50,000 50,000 50,000 150,000 Prepaid Insurance 3,000 3,000 3,000 9,000 Depreciation 25,000 25,000 25,000 75,000 Total Fixed Expenses 163,000 163,000 163,000 489,000 Total Selling and Admin Expenses 241,000 281,300 224,750 747,050     Less Noncash Items (Depreciation and Prepaid Ins) 28,000 28,000 28,000 84,000 Total Cash Disbursements 213,000 253,300 196,750 663,050
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7 7-2 Final Project II Submission             Prepaid Insurance That Is Expensed During the Quarter $ 9,000 Depreciation Expense Recognized During the Quarter $ 75,000 Fig. 3 The admin (Selling and Administration) Budget allows us to calculate the expenses that are not related to the costs of manufacturing. The admin budget is separated into two different expenses: Variable and Fixed. Fixed expenses do not change from month to month, these are salaries which is $85,000 monthly, prepaid insurance $3,000 monthly, advertising $50,000 monthly and depreciation $25,000 monthly. Total cost per month of Fixed expenses is $163,000. Variable expenses are shipping and other general expenses that may come up from time to time. The shipping expenses are calculated by taking 5% of the sales for the month, so for July $600k*5%=$30,000. Other expenses are calculated by taking 8% of the monthly sales, again using July as an example $600k*8%=$48,000. Combining the total variable expenses and the total fixed costs would give you the Total Monthly costs of the selling and administration expenses, for July this would be $78,000+$163000=$241,000. Using the information provided within the assumptions tab the non-cash items (Depreciation and prepaid insurance totaling $28,000) would be taken out of the equations, using July as an example, this would be subtracted from the Total selling and administration to give us a value of $213,000 for the month of July. Cash Budget               Cash Budget   July Augus t Septemb er Quarter Cash Balance: Beginning 40,000 35,050 35,435 120,105
8 7-2 Final Project II Submission Add Cash Collections (From Sales Budget) 520,000 693,00 0 779,500 1,992,5 00 Total cash Available 560,000 728,05 0 814,935 2,102,9 85 Less Cash Disbursements   For Inventory (From Purchasing Budget) 280,950 336,12 5 288,000 905,075 For Operating Expenses (From Selling and Admin Budget) 213,000 253,30 0 196,750 663,050 For Equipment 200,000 90,000 0 290,000 For Cash Dividends 50,000 0 0 50,000 For Interest (From Previous Month's Borrowing) 0 $ 2,190 $ 2,080 4,270 Total Cash Disbursements 743,950 681,61 5 486,830 1,912,3 95 Excess (Deficiency) of Cash (183,95 0) 46,435 328,105 120,105 Financing 0 0 0 0 Borrowing 219,000 0 0 219,000 Repayment 0 (11,00 0) (208,000 ) (219,00 0) Total Financing 219,000 (11,00 0) (208,000 ) 0 Cash Balance: Ending 35,050 35,435 120,105 120,105             Outstanding Loan Balance $ - Interest on Borrowing (Due the Following Quarter) $ 4,270 Fig. 4 The cash budget is used primarily used to prepare the sales and production for the up- and-coming quarter. Using July as an example again, the beginning cash balance from the previous quarter was $40,000, the cash collected from the 70% from June and the 30% from the sales total $520,000, totaling $560,000 in available cash. With the next steps, taking the information gathered from the previous budgets: Inventory of $289,950, Operating Expenses
9 7-2 Final Project II Submission of $213,000, Automated equipment purchased in July of $200,000 and Cash dividends expected to be paid out of $50,000; all of this totaling $743,950. To calculate the excess of cash or a cash deficit we need to subtract the total cash disbursements from the cash available: $560,000-$743,950= ($183,950). Due to the -$183,950 this caused SRS Educational Company to take out a small loan of $219,000; thus, resulting in an ending cash balance of $35,050, -$183,950+219,000=$35,050. SRS Educational Company has a desired ending cash balance of $35,000. Due to the loan SRS was responsible for interest due on the short-term loan; the interest rate was 1% and over the quarter the loan wasn’t paid back the total amount of interest paid was $4,270 before the end of the quarter. The loan was paid off within this quarter therefore no further actions or interest needs to be done with the loan. Budget Income Statement SRS Educational Supplies Company Budgeted Income Statement For the Quarter Ended September 30th Sales 1,985,000   Cost of Goods Sold 893,250   Gross Margin 1,091,750   Selling and Administrative Expenses   Shipping 99,250   Other 158,800   Salaries and Wages 255,000   Advertising 150,000   Prepaid Insurance 9,000   Depreciation 75,000   Net Operating Incomes   747,050   Less Interest Expense (4,270)   Net Income 340,430         Fig. 5
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10 7-2 Final Project II Submission The budget income statement is a Pro Forma income statement to allow an easy overview of the quarterly activity. The budgeted income statement in Fig. 5 uses the estimates and information gathered to aid within the financial decisions of the company and the future quarters. As shown we can see that the total of sales and the Cost of Goods Sold adds up to $1,091,750, the selling and administration expenses are calculated for the company running for the full quarter, these total $747,050. To get our net income for the quarter we need to take the Gross Margin – Net Operating Expenses – interest expenses = Net Income $1,091,750 - $747,050 - (4,270) = $340,430 Thus, the Net Income for the quarter July-September is $340,430. Master Budget Income SRS Educational Supply Company Balance Sheet September 30th     Assets   Current Assets:   Cash $120,105   Accounts receivable 332,500   Inventory 34,650   Prepaid Insurance 9,000   Total Current Assets $496,255   Buildings and Equipment (Net) 1,075,000   Total Assets $1,571,255         Liabilities and Equity   Accounts Payable 102,825   Notes Payable 0   Stockholder's Equity   Capital Stock 420,000   Retained Earnings 1,048,430  
11 7-2 Final Project II Submission Total Liability and Equity 1,571,255               Fig. 6 A master budget is another Pro Forman income statement, this income statement is used by SRS Educational Company to get a quick overview of the financial health of the company. It uses all assets including inventory, cash, and accounts receivable; it also uses Equity and liabilities such as retained earnings, stock, Accounts and notes payable. The total current asset for the quarter is $496,255 and the with the costs of buildings and equipment totaling $1,075,000. These are added together to give us the Total assets: $496,255+ $1,075,000=$1,571,255. The accounts and notes payable, as well as Capital Stock and retained earnings are all added together to get the total liabilities and equity: $102,825+$0+ $420,000+$1,048,430= $1,571,2550. Variances The SRS Educational Company may encounter a couple of major variances; one of which would be the way in which the company assess it need for inventory. If the school require a larger order, using the current method wouldn’t allow for any alterations within their allowances. This potential miscommunication could potentially lead SRS to lose customers if they are not prepared for the large orders for the beginning of the school year and the busiest months. For these months having a plan in place to review the previous year’s orders just to be prepared will ensure the new fiscal years starts off on the right foot and prevent the additional borrowing to aid the increased manufacturing. Another possible variance that could potentially hinder SRS is the schedule of cash collections. Not receiving the main bulk of the funds until the following month will also create a window where the business would run short on the cash inflow. Having a stricter plan in place for the schedules
12 7-2 Final Project II Submission and maybe increasing the percentage collected during the month will also prevent the need for short term borrowing. Executive Briefing Presentation Overall, I think that SRS Education Company had a fantastic year in 2017 and a great start to their new fiscal year. With things continuing on this trajectory, I do not doubt that it will only get better. I think if some of the options listed within the variances section were taken into consideration then it would help the companies health and continue to ensure growth.
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13 7-2 Final Project II Submission References Datar, S. M., & Rajan, M. V. (2021). Horngren's cost accounting a managerial emphasis . Pearson Education. Samuels, J. A., & Sawers, K. M. (2017). “SRS Educational Supply Company: An instructional budget project.” Issues in Accounting Education: November 2017 , Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 51-59.