ACCT 220 - Week 8 - Professional Report
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Jean-Joseph Boni
ACCT 220
Week 8 Professional Report
11/15/2022
What is an audit?
An audit is a type of assurance service that lends credibility to the financial statements. For example, if a company were to put out a financial statement and investors or maybe creditors are thinking about lending money to the company, they will look at the financial statement for verify accuracy. They will verify if the amount of cash that’s on the balance sheet is that actually the amount of cash that the company has. They will also verify if the revenue in the income statement to find out how the company makes money whether its by lots of sales on credit or are the sales even legitimate sales or are they fictitious sales because the financial statements could just be wrong. There could be a mistake, the numbers could be off because of errors or miscalculating or they could be wrong due to fraud, the company could be trying to mislead investors and creditors by overstating their revenue. Why audit?
When companies put out financial statement, investors or creditors are trying to trust this information so they can make informed decisions about whether to invest or lend money to this company. And to make this happen they need the help of an auditor which is an independent and third-party company which is going to put the financial statement through some test for accuracy. The auditors will try to the best of their ability to verify if whether the information in the financial statements is legitimate, does it follow generally accepted accounting principles and
it free from what is called material misstatement which causes “
the financial statements not to be presented fairly in conformity with the applicable financial reporting framework” (PCAOB, n.d.). Four types of Audit Opinions
Every year companies hire auditors to come in and express an opinion regarding it financial statement, that opinion can unqualified, qualified, adverse or disclaimer. First, an unqualified opinion is actually the best opinion from the perspective of the company that’s being audited, its also called a ‘clean’ opinion which is when the auditor basically come to a conclusion that the finance statements are presented fairly in accordance to generally accepted accounting principles and there is no apparent material misstatement. Second, qualified opinion is when the auditor conclude that the statements are presented fairly except there may be a departure of GAAP which refers to “
Situations where the financial statements deviate from the established accounting criteria” (CFI, n.d.). Or there may be a scope limitation, this is when does
not have all the information necessary to perform a full audit. Third, an adverse opinion is another audit opinion that is the opposite of a clean opinion. The auditor concludes that the financial statements are not presented fairly and there many material misstatements which means
it cannot be reliable and investors would not trust the information. Finally, a disclaimer of opinion is when the auditor is not expressing an opinion there are many reasons for that. The auditor lacks independence, or there was an extensive scope limitation.
Internal Audit vs External Audit
An internal auditor is typically working for the company that is being audited. However, it may not always be the cause, sometimes the company will hire some outside firm to do an internal audit but usually the company has a staff that performs the internal auditing. These internal auditors serve as consultants, they assess risks, they identify areas where the company can improve, they ensure compliance with laws and regular and ultimately verify if the financial statements are reliable and free of fraud. On the other hand, an external auditor is never going to be an employee of the company that’s being audited. The goal of the external auditor is to
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provide and opinion as to whether the financial statements are materially misstated after running some test on it to ensure that it follows generally accepted accounting principles. In addition, the external auditor will also provide a report on the effectiveness of the company’s internal controls
which is “a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance” (UC San Francisco, n.d.) that the information on the financial statements are reliable. Audit Risk Model
The audit risk model is a function of three different things: inherent risk, control risk, and
detection risk. Inherent risk and control risk together are called the risk of material misstatement or client risk, meaning the auditors have little control over the risk however they do have control over the amount of test in the detection risk process. Audit risk is when an auditor issues incorrect opinion when there is indeed a material misstatement that exist. Next, inherent risk is the susceptibility of an assertion to material misstatement before any internal controls are applied. Conclusion
Auditing is essential for business around the world because it is the only way to find out about the financial health about a company. While some financial statements can be for the entrain eyes, auditors can easily find discrepancies associated with it and help company make financially responsible decision. Ultimately, after the work of auditors is complete it is up to the company to make some change in their finances in order to be in good standing to attract creditors and/or investors.
References:
PCAOB. (n.d.). Pre-reorganized auditing standards and Interpretations
. Auditing Standard No. 14 Evaluating Audit Results. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://pcaobus.org/oversight/standards/archived-standards/pre-reorganized-auditing-
standards-interpretations Corporate Finance Institute. (2022, March 6). Auditor opinions
. Corporate Finance Institute. Retrieved November 14, 2022, from https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/accounting/auditor-opinions/
UC San Francisco. (n.d.). Internal controls
. Audit & Advisory Services. Retrieved November 14,
2022, from https://audit.ucsf.edu/internal-controls
Related Documents
Related Questions
MULTIPLE CHOICE:
4. An auditor who is engaged to examine the financial statements of a business entity will request cutoff bank statement primarily in order to:
A. Detect lapping
B. Detect kiting
C. Verify reconciling items on the client’s bank reconciliation
D. Verify the cash balance reported on the bank confirmation inquiry form
5. Which of the following auditing procedures would the auditor not apply to a cutoff bank statement?
A. Trace year end outstanding checks and deposits in transit to the cutoff bank statement
B. Reconcile the bank account as of the end of the cutoff period
C. Compare dates, payees and endorsements on returned checks with the cash disbursements record
D. Determine that the year-end deposit in transit was credited by the bank on the first working day of the following accounting period.
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please answer with reason
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MULTIPLE CHOICE:
1. An auditor ordinarily sends a standard confirmation request to all banks with which the client has done business during the year under audit, regardless of the year-end balance. A purpose of this procedure to
A. request a cutoff bank statements and related checks be sent to the auditor
B. Detect kiting activities that may otherwise not be discovered
C. Seek information about contingent liabilities and security agreements
D. Provide the data necessary to prepare proof of cash
2. As one of the year-end audit procedures , the auditor instructed the client’s personnel to prepare a standard bank confirmation request for a bank account that had been closed during the year. After the client’s treasurer had signed the request , it was mailed by the assistant treasurer. What is the major flaw in this audit procedure?
A. The request was mailed by the assistant treasurer
B. The CPA did not sign the confirmation request before it was mailed
C. Sending the request was…
arrow_forward
4. The starting point for the verification of the balance in the general bank account is to obtain:
A. The client’s year-end bank statement
B. The client’s cash account from the general ledger
C. A bank reconciliation from the client
D. A cutoff bank statement directly form the bank
5. Which of the following substantive audit procedures is most likely to be performed by the auditor to gather evidence in support of the balance per bank ?
A. Compare to general ledger
B. Trace to cash receipts journal
C. Confirm directly to bank
D. Trace items on the cut-off bank statement to bank reconciliation
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PROBLEM 2
You are revisiting the audit working paper presented to you by your audit staff in line with his audit procedures done in auditing T-ara Corporation’s accounts receivable. The following were lifted from the said working papers:
Audit notes:
T-ara Corporation’s accounts receivable subsidiary ledger had the following details:
Customers
Invoice Date
Invoice Amount
Balance
Park Ji-yeon Inc.
12/06/22
127,000
10/29/22
84,000
211,000
Hyomin Company
12/30/22
42,000
09/27/22
30,000
08/20/22
53,520
125,520
Hahn Eunjung Inc.
12/30/22
40,000
12/08/22
80,000
11/25/22
63,600
183,600
Park So-yeon Company
11/17/22
138,840
10/09/22
132,000
08/20/22
74,400
345,240
Jeon Boram Corporation
12/10/22
250,000
250,000
Qri Incorporated
09/12/22
104,400
104,400
Total
1,219,760
The…
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Which type of evidence is considered more reliable and relevant by the auditor?
accounts receivable confirmation
O minutes from management meetings
O internally generated evidence
O copy of cash receipt
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Items a through frepresent the items that an auditor ordinarily would find on a client-prepared bank reconciliation. The accompanying
List of Auditing Procedures represents substantive auditing procedures. For each item, select one or more procedures, as indicated,
that the auditor most likely would perform to gather evidence in support of that item. The procedures on the list may be selected once,
more than once, or not at all.
Assume
• The client prepared the bank reconciliation on 10/2/X5.
• The bank reconciliation is mathematically accurate.
• The auditor received a cutoff bank statement dated 10/7/X5 directly from the bank on 10/11/X5.
• The 9/30/X5 deposit in transit-outstanding checks # 1281, #1285, # 1289, and #1292-and the correction of the error regarding
check # 1282 appeared on the cutoff bank statement.
• The auditor assessed control risk concerning the financial statement assertions related to cash at the maximum.
A. Trace to cash receipts journal.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.…
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1. What would the bank have to prove to successfully bring a lawsuit against K and Lee?
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Balance owed
Cashier
Company
Compensating balance
Cutoff bank statements
Dividend records
Liquid assets
Mail room
Safe deposit box
Signed
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Bank Reconciliation: Ensuring Financial Accuracy and Integrity
Bank reconciliation is a vital accounting process that ensures the accuracy and integrity of an organization's financial records by comparing its internal financial records with the information provided by the bank. This practice is essential for detecting discrepancies, errors, or fraudulent activities that may occur during the financial transactions between the organization and the bank.
Key Components of Bank Reconciliation:
Starting Balance: The process begins with the starting balance, which represents the closing balance from the previous reconciliation.
Adding and Deducting Transactions: Both the organization and the bank maintain records of transactions, including deposits, withdrawals, checks issued, and other related activities. Bank reconciliation involves adding deposits in transit and deducting outstanding checks to reconcile the discrepancies.
Bank Fees and Interest: Bank statements often…
arrow_forward
Which of the following substantive audit procedures is most likely to be performed by the auditor to gather evidence in support of the balance per bank?
a. confirm directly with bank
b. compare to general ledger
c. trace to cash receipts journal
d. trace items on the cutoff bank statement to bank reconciliation
e. all of the choices
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In the audit of a client with a fiscal year ending December 31, the CPAs obtain a January 10 bank statement directly from the bank. Explain how this cutoff bank statement will be used
a. In the review of the December 31 bank reconciliation.b. To obtain other audit information.
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Quesion 1:
The following are various potential misstatements due to errors or fraud (1 through 7), and a list of auditing procedures (a. through h.) the auditor would con- sider performing to gather evidence
to determine whether the error or fraud is present possible Misstatements Due to errors or Fraud
1. The auditor suspects that a lapping scheme exists because an accounting department employee who has access to cash receipts also maintains the accounts receivable led- ger and refuses to take any vacation or sick days.
2. The auditor suspects that the entity is inappropriately increasing the cash reported on its balance sheet by drawing a check on one account and not recording it as an outstanding check on that account and simultaneously recording it as a deposit in a second account.
3. The entity’s cash receipts of the first few days of the subsequent year were properly deposited in its general operating account after the year-end. However, the auditor suspects that the entity…
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Question 21
The auditing cash is an important audit function. Provide four audit procedures that are most often applied when auditing a client's year-end bank reconciliation.
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