Oceanography: An Invitation To Marine S...9th EditionGarrison, Tom S. Publisher: Brooks ColeISBN: 9781305254282
Oceanography: An Invitation To Marine S...
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Chapter 1 - The Origin Of The OceanChapter 1.1 - Earth Is An Ocean WorldChapter 1.2 - Marine Scientists Use The Logic Of Science To Study The OceanChapter 1.3 - Stars Form SeasChapter 1.4 - Earth, Ocean, And Atmosphere Accumulated In Layers Sorted By DensityChapter 1.5 - Life Probably Originated In The OceanChapter 1.6 - What Will Be Earth’s Future?Chapter 1.7 - Are There Other Ocean Worlds?Chapter 2 - A History Of Marine ScienceChapter 2.1 - Understanding The Ocean Began With Voyaging For Trade And Exploration
Chapter 2.2 - The Age Of European DiscoveryChapter 2.3 - Voyaging Combined With Science To Advance Ocean StudiesChapter 2.4 - The First Scientific Expeditions Were Undertaken By GovernmentsChapter 2.5 - Contemporary Oceanography Makes Use Of Modern TechnologyChapter 3 - Earth Structure And Plate TectonicsChapter 3.1 - Pieces Of Earth’s Surface Look Like They Once Fit TogetherChapter 3.2 - Earth’s Interior Is LayeredChapter 3.3 - The Study Of Earthquakes Provides Evidence For LayeringChapter 3.4 - Earth’s Inner Structure Was Gradually RevealedChapter 3.5 - The New Understanding Of Earth Evolved SlowlyChapter 3.6 - Wegener’s Idea Is TransformedChapter 3.7 - The Breakthrough: From Seafloor Spreading To Plate TectonicsChapter 3.8 - Plates Interact At Plate BoundariesChapter 3.9 - A Summary Of Plate InteractionsChapter 3.10 - The Confirmation Of Plate TectonicsChapter 3.11 - Scientists Still Have Much To Learn About The Tectonic ProcessChapter 4 - Ocean BasinsChapter 4.1 - The Ocean Floor Is Mapped By BathymetryChapter 4.2 - Ocean-floor Topography Varies With LocationChapter 4.3 - Continental Margins May Be Active Or PassiveChapter 4.4 - The Topography Of Deep-ocean Basins Differs From That Of The Continental MarginChapter 4.5 - The Marine Environment Is Classified In Distinct ZonesChapter 4.6 - The Grand TourChapter 5 - SedimentsChapter 5.1 - Ocean Sediments Vary Greatly In AppearanceChapter 5.2 - Sediments Are Classified By Particle SizeChapter 5.3 - Sediments May Be Classified By SourceChapter 5.4 - Neritic Sediments Overlie Continental MarginsChapter 5.5 - Pelagic Sediments Vary In Composition And ThicknessChapter 5.6 - Researchers Have Mapped The Distribution Of Deep-ocean SedimentsChapter 5.7 - Geologists Use Specialized Tools To Study Ocean SedimentsChapter 5.8 - Sediments Are Historical Records Of Ocean ProcessesChapter 5.9 - Marine Sediments Are Economically ImportantChapter 6 - Water And Ocean StructureChapter 6.3 - The Water Molecule Is Held Together By Chemical BondsChapter 6.4 - Water Has Unusual Thermal CharacteristicsChapter 6.5 - Surface Water Moderates Global TemperatureChapter 6.6 - The Ocean Is Stratified By DensityChapter 6.7 - Refraction Can Bend The Paths Of Light And Sound Through WaterChapter 6.8 - Light Does Not Travel Far Through The OceanChapter 6.9 - Sound Travels Much Farther Than Light Through The OceanChapter 7 - Ocean ChemistryChapter 7.1 - Water Is A Powerful SolventChapter 7.2 - Seawater Consists Of Water And Dissolved SolidsChapter 7.3 - Gases Dissolve In SeawaterChapter 7.4 - The Ocean’s Acid–base Balance Varies With Dissolved Components And DepthChapter 8 - Circulation Of The AtmosphereChapter 8.1 - The Atmosphere And Ocean Interact With Each OtherChapter 8.2 - The Atmosphere Is Composed Mainly Of Nitrogen, Oxygen, And Water VaporChapter 8.3 - The Atmosphere Moves In Response To Uneven Solar Heating And Earth’s RotationChapter 8.4 - Atmospheric Circulation Generates Large-scale Surface Wind PatternsChapter 8.5 - Storms Are Variations In Large-scale Atmospheric CirculationChapter 8.6 - Katrina And SandyChapter 9 - Circulation Of The OceanChapter 9.1 - Mass Flow Of Ocean Water Is Driven By Wind And GravityChapter 9.2 - Surface Currents Are Driven By The WindsChapter 9.3 - Surface Currents Affect Weather And ClimateChapter 9.4 - Wind Can Cause Vertical Movement Of Ocean WaterChapter 9.5 - El Niño And La Niña Are Exceptions To Normal Wind And Current FlowChapter 9.6 - Thermohaline Circulation Affects All The Ocean’s WaterChapter 10 - WavesChapter 10.1 - Ocean Waves Move Energy Across The Sea SurfaceChapter 10.2 - Waves Are Classified By Their Physical CharacteristicsChapter 10.3 - The Behavior Of Waves Is Influenced By The Depth Of Water Through Which They Are MovingChapter 10.4 - Wind Blowing Over The Ocean Generates WavesChapter 10.5 - Interference Produces Irregular Wave MotionsChapter 10.6 - Deep-water Waves Change To Shallow-water Waves As They Approach ShoreChapter 10.7 - Internal Waves Can Form Between Ocean Layers Of Differing DensitiesChapter 10.8 - “tidal Waves” Are Probably Not What You ThinkChapter 10.9 - Storm Surges Form Beneath Strong Cyclonic StormsChapter 10.10 - Water Can Rock In A Confined BasinChapter 10.11 - Water Displacement Causes Tsunami And Seismic Sea WavesChapter 11 - TidesChapter 11.1 - Tides Are The Longest Of All Ocean WavesChapter 11.2 - Tides Are Forced Waves Formed By Gravity And InertiaChapter 11.3 - The Dynamic Theory Of Tides Adds Fluid Motion Dynamics To The Equilibrium TheoryChapter 11.4 - Most Tides Can Be Accurately PredictedChapter 11.5 - Tidal Patterns Can Affect Marine OrganismsChapter 11.6 - Power Can Be Extracted From Tidal MotionChapter 12 - CoastsChapter 12.1 - Coasts Are Shaped By Marine And Terrestrial ProcessesChapter 12.2 - Erosional Processes Dominate Some CoastsChapter 12.3 - Beaches Dominate Depositional CoastsChapter 12.4 - Larger-scale Features Accumulate On Depositional CoastsChapter 12.5 - Biological Activity Forms And Modifies CoastsChapter 12.6 - Freshwater Meets The Ocean In EstuariesChapter 12.7 - The Characteristics Of U.s. CoastsChapter 12.8 - Humans Interfere In Coastal ProcessesChapter 13 - Life In The OceanChapter 13.1 - Life On Earth Is Notable For Unity And Its DiversityChapter 13.2 - The Concept Of Evolution Helps Explain The Nature Of Life In The OceanChapter 13.3 - Rapid, Violent Change Causes Mass ExtinctionsChapter 13.4 - Oceanic Life Is Classified By Evolutionary HeritageChapter 13.5 - The Flow Of Energy Allows Living Things To Maintain Complex OrganizationChapter 13.6 - Living Organisms Are Built From A Few ElementsChapter 13.7 - Elements Cycle Between Living Organisms And Their SurroundingsChapter 13.8 - Environmental Factors Influence The Success Of Marine OrganismsChapter 14 - Primary ProducersChapter 14.1 - Primary Producers Synthesize Organic MaterialChapter 14.2 - Plankton Drift With Ocean CurrentsChapter 14.3 - Plankton Collection Methods Depend On The Organism’s SizeChapter 14.4 - PhytoplanktonChapter 14.5 - Lack Of Nutrients And Light Can Limit Primary ProductivityChapter 14.6 - Production Equals Consumption At The Compensation DepthChapter 14.7 - Phytoplankton Productivity Varies With Local ConditionsChapter 14.8 - Seaweeds And Marine Plants Are Diverse And Efficient Primary ProducersChapter 14.9 - Primary Productivity Also Occurs Deep In The Water Column, At Hydrothermal Vents, In Seabed Sediments, And In Solid RockChapter 15 - Marine AnimalsChapter 15.1 - Animals Evolved When Food And Oxygen Became PlentifulChapter 15.2 - Invertebrates Are The Most Successful And Abundant AnimalsChapter 15.3 - The Worm Phyla Are The Link To Advanced AnimalsChapter 15.4 - Advanced Invertebrates Have Complex Bodies And Internal SystemsChapter 15.5 - Construction Of Complex Chordate Bodies Begins On A Stiffening ScaffoldChapter 15.6 - Vertebrate Evolution Traces A Long And Diverse HistoryChapter 15.7 - Fishes Are Earth’s Most Abundant And Successful VertebratesChapter 15.8 - Fishes Are Successful Because Of Unique AdaptationsChapter 15.9 - Sea Turtles And Marine Crocodiles Are Ocean- Going ReptilesChapter 15.10 - Some Marine Birds Are The World’s Most Efficient FlyersChapter 15.11 - Marine Mammals Include The Largest Animals Ever To Have LivedChapter 16 - Marine CommunitiesChapter 16.1 - Marine Organisms Live In CommunitiesChapter 16.2 - Communities Consist Of Interacting Producers, Consumers, And DecomposersChapter 16.3 - Marine Communities Change As Time PassesChapter 16.4 - Examples Of Shoreline Marine CommunitiesChapter 16.5 - Examples Of Shallow Benthic And Open-ocean Marine CommunitiesChapter 16.6 - Examples Of Deep-sea Marine CommunitiesChapter 16.7 - Organisms In Communities Can Live In SymbiosisChapter 17 - Marine ResourcesChapter 17.1 - Marine Resources Are Subject To The Economic Laws Of Supply And DemandChapter 17.2 - Physical ResourcesChapter 17.3 - Renewable Sources Of Marine EnergyChapter 17.4 - Biological ResourcesChapter 17.5 - Nonextractive Resources Use The Ocean In PlaceChapter 17.6 - The Law Of The Sea Governs Marine Resource AllocationChapter 18 - The Ocean And The EnvironmentChapter 18.1 - An Introduction To Marine Environmental IssuesChapter 18.2 - Marine Pollutants May Be Natural Or Human GeneratedChapter 18.3 - Organisms Cannot Prosper If Their Habitats Are DisturbedChapter 18.4 - Marine Protected Areas Are RefugesChapter 18.5 - Earth’s Climate Is ChangingChapter 18.6 - What Can Be Done?
Sample Solutions for this Textbook
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An ocean is defined as a vast body of saline water that occupies the depressions of the Earth’s...The Earth is very big and due to this, it appears flat from the surface of the Earth. However, in...The prediction of earthquakes has been a kind of aspiration for over decades to most of the...People were aware of the depth of ocean and when they walk beyond the ocean, and the deeper water...An ooze is a deep-ocean sediment that contain at least 30% of biogenous material. Oozes originate...The diffusion of individual molecules of water occurs into the air during the vaporization or...The process of nuclear fusion within stars is responsible for the formation of elements that are...The heat budget of the Earth is not balanced in different latitudes even though it is balanced as a...Reason due to which water tend to flow around the periphery of ocean basin Piling up of the moving...
Even though seiches and tsunamis move across the deepest ocean basin, they are referred as shallow...The dynamic theory of tides, which was proposed at first by Laplace, in 1775, gave a basic...The coast is influenced by various factors; however, the most useful scheme to classify that is...Living things are not exempted from the second law of thermodynamics, but they can procrastinate...Limiting factor can be defined as a physical or biological requirement in which the presence in...The single-celled organisms formed the primary animal-like creatures on the Earth. During the oxygen...The living creatures are distributed widely in the marine environment in particular groups of...Petroleum is virtually always related to marine sediments, signifying that the organic materials...When the crude oil is refined, the heavier constituents of crude oil get removed and broken down in...
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