FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS10th EditionBorgnakke Publisher: WILEYISBN: 9781119634928
FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
Solutions for FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS
Problem 3.4P:
If a process in a control mass increases energy E2E10 , can you say anything about the sign for 1Q2...Problem 3.5P:
Assume a physical setup as in Fig. P3.6(a). We now heat the cylinder. What happens to P, T, and v...Problem 3.6P:
Figure P3.6 shows three physical situations. Show the possible process in a Pv diagram.Problem 3.7P:
For the indicated physical setup in (a), (b), and (c) in Fig. P3.6, write a process equation and the...Problem 3.8P:
Assume the physical situation in Fig. P3.6b; what is the work term a, b, c, or d? a. w21=P1(v2v1) b....Problem 3.9P:
Figure P3.9 shows three physical situations; show the possible process in a Pv diagram.Problem 3.10P:
That can you say about the beginning state of the R410A in Fig.P3.6c versus that in Fig. P3.9c for...Problem 3.11P:
A thermopane window traps some gas between the two glass panes. Why is this beneficial?Problem 3.19P:
You mix 20C water with 50C water in an open container. What do you need to know to determine the...Problem 3.20P:
A piston motion moves a 25kg hammerhead vertically 1m from rest to a ve1oci of 50m/s in a stamping...Problem 3.21P:
A pump pushes 1000m3 of liquid water at 15C up to a reservoir at 200m higher elevation. How much...Problem 3.22P:
A 1200kg car accelerates from zero to 100km/h over a distance of 400m . The road at the end of the...Problem 3.23P:
A hydraulic hoist raises a 1750kg car 1.8m in an auto repair shop. The hydraulic pump has a constant...Problem 3.25P:
A hydraulic cylinder of area 0.01m2 must push a 1000kg arm and shovel 0.5m straight up. What...Problem 3.26P:
A hydraulic cylinder has a piston cross-sectional area of 10cm2 and a fluid pressure of 2MPa . If...Problem 3.27P:
A bulldozer pushes 800kg of din l00m with a force of 1500N . It then lifts the din 3m up to put it...Problem 3.28P:
Two hydraulic cylinders maintain a pressure of 1200kPa One has a cross-sectional area of 0.01m2 the...Problem 3.29P:
A motor delivers 50hp on a drive shaft at 1800rpm . What are the angular velocity and the torque on...Problem 3.30P:
Solve Problem 3.24, but assume that the steam pressure in the cylinder starts at 1000kPa , dropping...Problem 3.31P:
The R4l0A in Problem 3.1 2c is at 1000kPa,50C with a mass of 0.1kg . It is cooled so that the volume...Problem 3.32P:
A 400L tank, A (see Fig. P3.32), contains argon gas at 250kPa and 30C . Cylinder B, having a...Problem 3.33P:
A piston/cylinder assembly contains 2kg of liquid water at 20C and 300kPa , as shown in Fig. P3.33....Problem 3.34P:
Heat transfer to a 1.5kg block of ice at -10C melts it to liquid at 10C in a kitchen. How much work...Problem 3.35P:
A cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains 5kg of superheated R134a vapor at 1000kPa and...Problem 3.36P:
A piston cylinder contains 2kg of water at 20C with a volume of 0.1m3 . By mistake someone locks the...Problem 3.37P:
A nitrogen gas goes through a polytropic process with n=1.2 in a piston/cylinder. It starts out at...Problem 3.38P:
Helium gas expands from 125kPa,350K and 0.25m3 to l00kPa in a polytropic process with n=1.667 . How...Problem 3.39P:
A balloon behaves so that the pressure is P=C2V1/3 and C2=l00kPa/m . The balloon is blown up with...Problem 3.40P:
A 15cm thick concrete wall, k=1.28W/mK , has a temperature difference between the two sides of 20C ....Problem 3.41P:
The brake shoe and steel drum of a car continuously absorb 75W as the car slows down. Assume a total...Problem 3.43P:
A power plant condenser (heat exchanger) transfers l00MW from steam running in a pipe to seawater...Problem 3.45P:
A steel Pot, with conductivity of 15W/m and a 50mm thick boom, is filled with 15CC liquid water. The...Problem 3.46P:
A wall surface on a house is 30C with an emissivity of =0.7 . The surroundings are at 15C with an...Problem 3.47P:
A radiant heat lamp is a rod, tong and in diameter through which of electric energy is deposited...Problem 3.48P:
A radiant beating lamp has a surface temperature of 1000K with =0.8 . How large a surface area is...Problem 3.49P:
Determine the phase of the following substances and find the values of the unknown quantities a....Problem 3.50P:
Find the phase and the missing properties of P, T, v, u, and x for water at a. 500kPa,100C b....Problem 3.51P:
Indicate the location of the four states in Problem 3.50 as points in both the Pv and Tv diagrams.Problem 3.52P:
Find the missing property of P, T, y, u, h, and x and indicate the states in a Pv and a Tv diagram...Problem 3.53P:
Find the missing properties for carbon dioxide at a. 20C,2MPa:v=?andh=? b. 10C,x=0.5:T=?,u=? c....Problem 3.54P:
Find the missing property of P, T, y, u, h, and x and indicate the states in a Pv and a Tv diagram...Problem 3.55P:
Saturated liquid water at 20C is compressed to a higher pressure with constant temperature Find the...Problem 3.56P:
Consider a steel bottle as a CV. It contains carbon dioxide at 20C , quality 20 . It has a safety...Problem 3.57P:
A piston cylinder contains water with quality 75 at 200kPa . Slow expansion is performed while there...Problem 3.59P:
Problem 3.137 and write the left-hand side (storage change) of the conservation equations for mass...Problem 3.60P:
Saturated vapor R410A at 0C in a rigid tank is cooled to 20C . Find the specific heat transfer.Problem 3.61P:
A constant-pressure piston/cylinder assembly contains 0.2kg of water as saturated vapor at 400kPa ....Problem 3.62P:
A container is split in two equal volumes by a stiff membrane. One part is evacuated and the other...Problem 3.63P:
A cylinder fined with a frictionless piston contains 2kg of superheated refrigerant R134a vapor as...Problem 3.64P:
A piston/cylinder contains 1.5kg of water at 200kPa,150C . It is now heated by a process in which...Problem 3.65P:
Ammonia (0.5kg) in a piston cy1tnde at 200kPa,10C is heated by a process in which pressure vanes...Problem 3.66P:
A water-filled reactor with a volume of 1m3 is at 20 MPa and 360°C and is placed inside a...Problem 3.67P:
A rigid 1kg steel tank holds 0.75kg ammonia at 70C as saturated vapor. The tank and content is now...Problem 3.69P:
A piston/cylinder arrangement with a linear spring similar to Fig. P3.33 contains R-134a at...Problem 3.71P:
Assume the same setup as in Problem 3.66. but the room has a volume of 100m3 . Show that the final...Problem 3.72P:
A rigid steel tank contains 0.5kgR410A at 0°C with a specific volume of 0.01m3/kg . The whole system...Problem 3.73P:
Redo the previous problem when you also consider the tank to be 2kg of steel with the same T as the...Problem 3.75P:
Supetheated refrigerant R-134a at 20°C and 100 kPa is cooled in a piston cylinder arrangement at...Problem 3.76P:
In a sink, 5 L of water at 70°C is combined with 1 kg of aluminum pots, 1 kg of silverware (steel),...Problem 3.78P:
A copper block of volume 1 L s heat treated at 500°C and now cooled in a 200-L oil bath small at...Problem 3.79P:
A car with mass 1275 kg is driven at 60 km h when the brakes are applied quickly to decrease its...Problem 3.80P:
A piston cylinder (0.5 kg steel altogether) maintaining a constant pressure has 0.2kgR134a as...Problem 3.81P:
An engine, shown in Fig P3.81, consists of a 100kg cast iron block with a 20kg aluminum head, 20kg...Problem 3.82P:
Use the ideal gas air A.7 to evaluate the specific heat Cp at 300 K as a slope of the curve h(T) by...Problem 3.83P:
Estimate the constant specific heats for R-134a from Table B.52 at l00 kPa and 125°C. Compare this...Problem 3.84P:
Find the change in u for carbon dioxide between 600 K and 1200 K using (a) Table A.5. (b) Table A.6...Problem 3.85P:
Nitrogen at 300 K. 3 MPa is heated to 500 K Find the change in enthalpy using (a) Table B.2.1. (b)...Problem 3.86P:
Repeat Problem 3.84 for nitrogen gas.Problem 3.87P:
Find the change in enthalpy for carbon dioxide going from 500 to 1500 K by integrating the equation...Problem 3.88P:
Water at 20°C and 100 kPa is brought to l00 kPa and 1500°C. Find the change in the specific internal...Problem 3.90P:
A rigid container has 2 kg of oxygen gas at l00 kPa and 1200 K that is heated to 1400 K. Solve for...Problem 3.91P:
Air (3kg) is in a piston cylinder similar to Fig.P3.6(a) at 27C,300kPa , It is now heated to 500 K...Problem 3.92P:
A 10-m-high cylinder. with a cross-sectional area of 0.1m2 , has a massless piston at the bottom...Problem 3.93P:
A cylinder with a piston restrained by a linear spring contains 2 kg of carbon dioxide at 500 kPa...Problem 3.94P:
A constant pressure container is filled with 1 kg of stainless steel and 0.5 kg of PVC (polyvinyl...Problem 3.95P:
A spring-loaded piston cylinder contains 1.5kg of air at 27°C and 160 kPaIt is now heated to 900 K...Problem 3.96P:
An insulated cylinder is divided into two pans of 1 m3 each by an initially locked piston, as shown...Problem 3.97P:
Helium gas expands from 125 kPa, 350 K and 0.25m3 to l00 kPa in a polytropic process with n=1.667 ....Problem 3.98P:
A piston cylinder device contains 0.1 kg of air at 300 K and 100 kPa. The air is now slowly...Problem 3.99P:
A gasoline engine has a piston/cylinder with 0.1 kg air at 4MPa,1527C after combustion, and this is...Problem 3.100P:
Solve the previous problem using Table A.7.Problem 3.101P:
A piston/cylinder has nitrogen gas at 750 K and 1500 kPa, as shown in Fig P3.101. Now it is expanded...Problem 3.102P:
A piston/cylinder assembly has 1 kg of propane gas at 700 kPa and 40°C. The piston crosssectional...Problem 3.103P:
A piston cylinder arrangement of initial volume 0.025m3 contains saturated water vapor at 180°C. The...Problem 3.104P:
A piston/cylinder assembly in a car contains 0.2 L of air at 90 kPa and 20°C, similar to Fig P3.101....Problem 3.105P:
Air goes through a polytropic process with n=1.3 in a piston/cylinder setup. It starts at 2200...Problem 3.106P:
Saturated vapor R410A at 10°C of mass 0.6 kg is in a piston/cylinder setup. It is now compressed to...Problem 3.107P:
A helium gas heated at constant volume from 100 ka, 300 K to 500 K. A following process expands the...Problem 3.108P:
A piston/cylinder shown in Fig. P3.108 contains 0.5m3 of R-410A at 2 MPa,150°C. The piston mass and...Problem 3.109P:
A piston/cylinder has water at 200 kPa, x=0.5 and the cylinder has a stop similar to Fig. P3.6c. The...Problem 3.110P:
Ten kilograms of water in a piston/cylinder arrangement exists as saturated liquid vapor at 100 kPa,...Problem 3.111P:
Water in piston/cylinder (Fig. P3.111) is a 101kPa, 25°C, and mass 0.5 kg. The piston rests on some...Problem 3.112P:
A setup lake the one in Fig P3.108 has the R-410A initially at 1000 kPa, 50°C of mass 0.1 kg. The...Problem 3.113P:
The piston/cylinder inFig. P3.113 contains 0.1 kg water at 500°C, 1000 kPa. The piston has a stop at...Problem 3.114P:
A piston/cylinder arrangement contains 5 kg of water at 100°C with x=20 and the piston, of mp=150kg...Problem 3.115P:
A piston/cylinder setup similar to Problem 3.110 contain, 0.1 kg of saturated liquid and vapor water...Problem 3.116P:
A piston/cylinder contains air at 1000 kPa, 800 K with a volume of 0.05m3 . The pistonis pressed...Problem 3.118P:
A 100-hp car engine has a drive shaft rotating at 2000 RPM. How much torque is on the shaft for 25%...Problem 3.120P:
As fresh-poured concrete hardens, the chemical transformation releases energy at a rate of 2 W/kg....Problem 3.121P:
A 1.2-kg pot of water at 20°C is put on a stove supplying 250 W to the water. How long will it take...Problem 3.122P:
A computer in a closed room of volume 200m3 dissipates energy at a rate of 5 kW. The room has 500 kg...Problem 3.123P:
A 500-W heater is used to melt 2 kg of solid ice at 10°C to liquid at +5°C at a constant pressure of...Problem 3.125P:
Electric power as volts times amperes (P=Vi) . When a car battery at 12 V is charged with 6 amps for...Problem 3.126P:
A copper wire of diameter 2 mm is 10m long and stretched out between two posts. The normal stress...Problem 3.127P:
A battery is well insulated while being charged by 12.3 V at a current of6A. Take the battery as a...Problem 3.128P:
A sheet of rubberis stretched out over a ring of radius 0.25 m. I pour liquid water at 20°C on it,...Problem 3.129P:
Assume a balloon material with a constant surface tension of =N/m . What is the work required to...Problem 3.130P:
A soap bubble has a surface tension of =3104N/cm as it sits flat on a rigid ring of diameter 5 cm....Problem 3.131P:
According to Table 3.4 residential buildings in US use 22.2% of the total energy. If that is spread...Problem 3.132P:
total energy use in the US from Table 3.4 for 2011 and find the population online to compare with...Problem 3.133P:
A wind turbine with 20m diameter rotors spins at 15 rpm and produces 1.5 MW. Find the wing tip...Problem 3.135P:
A house is being designed to use a thick concrete floor mass as thermal storage material for solar...Problem 3.136P:
A solar pond with 20°C salt water, Cp=3.8kJ/kg-K has a 125m2 surface area 0.5 m depth and it...Problem 3.138P:
A rigidtank is divided into tworooms,both containing water,bya valve, similarto Fig...Problem 3.139P:
A piston/cylinder has a water volume separated in VA=0.2m3 and VB=0.3m3 by a stiff membrane (Fig....Problem 3.140P:
The cylinder volume below the constant loaded piston has two compartments, A and B, filled with...Problem 3.141P:
Air in tank B is at 200 kPa, 280 K and mass 1 kg. It is connected to an empty piston/cylinder with a...Problem 3.142P:
A piston/cylinder setup (Fig P3.110) contains 1 kg of water at 200 kPa,x=0.9 . The piston mass and...Problem 3.143P:
Two kilograms of water is contained in a piston/cylinder (Fig. P3.143) loaded with a linear spring...Problem 3.144P:
A piston cylinder has 0.1 kg water at x=0.5 , 120°C maintaining constant pressure. It is now put in...Problem 3.145P:
A piston/cylinder arrangement has the piston loaded with outside atmospheric pressure and the piston...Problem 3.146P:
A vertical/cylinder (Fig. P3.146) has a 61.18-kg piston locked with a pin, trapping 10 L of R-410A...Problem 3.147P:
Water in a piston/cylinder, similar to Fig P3.110, is at 100°C, x=0.5 with mass 1 kg, and the piston...Problem 3.148P:
A rigid container has two rooms filled with water, each of 1m3 , separated by a valve (see Fig....Problem 3.150P:
A piston/cylinder setup, similar to Fig. P3.143, contains R-410A at 20°C, x=20 . The volume is 0.2m3...Problem 3.151P:
A spherical balloon contains 2 kg of R-410A at 0°C with a quality of30%. This system is heated until...Problem 3.154EP:
Work as Fx has units of lbf ft. What is that in Btu?Problem 3.155EP:
Work in the expression in Eq. 3.18 or Eq. 3.22 involves PV. For P in psia and V in ft3, how does PV...Problem 3.159EP:
A piston motion moves a 50-lbm hammerhead vertically down 3 ft from rest to a velocity of 150 ft/s...Problem 3.160EP:
A pump pushes 35000ft3 of liquid water at 60 F up to a reservoir at 600 ft higher elevation. How...Problem 3.164EP:
A car with tires of outer radius 12 in. drives with 50 mi/h up a hill using 50 hp. How much traction...Problem 3.165EP:
The R-410A in Problem 3.9(c) is at 150 psia, 120 F with a mass of 0.2 lbm. It is cooled so that the...Problem 3.167EP:
A nitrogen gas goes through apolytropic process with n=1.3 in a piston/cylinder. It starts out as...Problem 3.168EP:
Find the rate of conduction heat transfer per unit area through a 2 in. thick brick, k=0.4Btu/h-ft-R...Problem 3.169EP:
The sun shines on a 1500-ft2 road surface so that it is at 115 F. Below the 2-in. -thick asphalt,...Problem 3.170EP:
Find the missing properties and give the phase of the substance....Problem 3.171EP:
Find the missing properties among (P,T,v,u,h) together with x, if applicable, and give the phase of...Problem 3.172EP:
Find the missing properties among (P,T,v,u,h) together with x, if applicable, and give the phase of...Problem 3.173EP:
Saturated vapor R-410A at 60 F in a rigid tank is cooled to 0 F. Find the specific heat transfer.Problem 3.174EP:
A containeris split in two equal volumes by a stiff membrane. One pan is evacuated and the other...Problem 3.175EP:
Saturated vapor R-410A at 200 psia in a constant-pressure piston/cylinder is heated to 140 F. Find...Problem 3.176EP:
A cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains 4 lbm of superheated refrigerant R-134a vapor...Problem 3.178EP:
A water-filled reactor with a volume of 50ft3 is 2000lbf/in.2 , 560 F and placed inside a...Problem 3.180EP:
A piston/cylinder arrangement with a linear spring similar to Fig. P3.33 contains R-134a at 60 F,...Problem 3.186EP:
A closed rigid container is filled with 3 lbm water at 1 atm, 130 F, 2 lbm of stainless steel and 1...Problem 3.187EP:
An insulated cylinder is divided into two parts of 10ft3 each by an initially locked piston. Side A...Problem 3.188EP:
Helium gas expands from 20 psia, 600 R, and 9ft3 to 15 psia in a polytropic process with n=1.667 ....Problem 3.190EP:
A cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston contains R-134a at 100 F, 80% quality, at which point...Problem 3.192EP:
A piston/cylinder contains air at 150 psia, 1400 R with a volume of 1.75ft3 . The piston is pressed...Problem 3.193EP:
A piston/cylinder has 2 lbm of R-134a at state 1 with 200 F, 90lbf/in.2 , and is then brought to...Problem 3.194EP:
A force of 300 lbf moves a truck at a speed of 40 mi/h up a hill. What is the power?Problem 3.196EP:
Water is in a piston/cylinder maintaining constant P at 330 F, quality 90%, with a volume of 4ft3 ....Browse All Chapters of This Textbook
Chapter 1 - Introduction And PreliminariesChapter 2 - Properties Of A Pure SubstanceChapter 3 - Energy Equation And First Law Of ThermodynamicsChapter 4 - Energy Analysis For A Control VolumeChapter 5 - The Second Law Of ThermodynamicsChapter 6 - EntropyChapter 7 - Entropy Analysis For A Control VolumeChapter 9 - Power And Refrigiration Systems-with Phase Change
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