Interpretation:
The structures of procaine and the intermediates from A to C are to be provided.
Concept Introduction:
Procaine is an anesthetic drug that is used during surgery and dental procedures.
Long time use of procaine leads to depression of the neuronal activity. This causes the nervous system to become hypersensitive. It also causes an increase in dopamine level in the brain and severe allergic reactions.
Electrophiles are electron deficient species which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles which accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles which donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule or ion that has unpaired electrons which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
Carbocation is a molecule having a carbon atom bearing three bonds and a positive formal charge.
Carbocation are generally unstable because they do not have eight electrons to satisfy the octet rule.
The order of stability of carbocation is such that the tertiary carbocation is the most stable whereas the primary carbocation is the least stable, and secondary carbocation lies between primary and tertiary carbocations.
If primary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to secondary or tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
If secondary carbocation is obtained in product, it rearranges itself to tertiary carbocation to form more stable product.
The stability of carbocation:
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter SRP Solutions
Organic Chemistry, 12e Study Guide/Student Solutions Manual
- Draw structural formulas for the reactants: ester and enolate ionarrow_forwardWhen aniline, C6H5NH2(Kb=7.41010) , reacts with a strong acid, its conjugate acid, C6H5NH3+, is formed. Calculate the pH of a 0.100 M solution of C6H5NH3+ and compare it with the pH of acetic acid (Ka=1.86105) .arrow_forwardPAP Chemistry-2903012-42100P-1/ Le Chatelier's Principle/ Lesson 128 2. Zinc (Zn) granules react slowly with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCI), but much faster if the acid is concentrated. Zn(s) 2HCI(aq)ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) Zinc + Hydrochloric Acid Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen What causes the reaction to proceed faster with concentrated acid? The concentrated hydrochloric acid causes more hydrogen gas to be produced. The pressure of hydrogen gas molecules increases as concentration increases. The concentrated hydrochloric acid molecules move faster than in dilute acid. There are more collisions between the zinc and concentrated hydrochloric acid. PREVIOUarrow_forward
- Propose a reasonable mechanism for the reaction, drawing out Lewis structure, using arrows to show electron flow, clearly identifying the bond making/bond breaking steps, and proposing reasonable intermediates for the reaction.arrow_forwardCan you answer the question and explain it? With the mechanism Only a and barrow_forwardprovide the productarrow_forward
- what are the reagents needed to prepare the following compounds from 1-propanolarrow_forwardGood explanation Asap Thanks Hemoglobin, Hb, has four Fe atoms per α molecule that, on average, bind about three O2 molecules. Hb(aq)+3O 2 (g) = Hb(O 2 ) 3 (aq)Discuss mountain or space sickness (high altitude) in terms of this balance.arrow_forwardFor the following reactions, predict the likely product(s) of the reaction or write 'no reaction." Me H Me °x Me Me Me Br Me Me Me Nal, NaOCI EtOH, H₂O HNO3 ACOH AICI 3arrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning