All resonance structures and the resonance hybrid for the tropylium ion and benzyl cation are to be drawn. From the resonance structures of each cation, how many structures exhibit aromaticity in the ring is to be determined. From this, the more stable cation is to be determined. Concept introduction: A curved arrow illustrates the movement of a pair of valence electrons. A curved arrow can originate from a lone pair of electrons or from the center of a covalent double or triple bond to indicate the specific pair of electrons that is being moved. The arrow points to an atom if the electrons being moved become a lone pair. Otherwise, the arrow points to the center of an existing single or double bond to represent the formation of a new double or triple bond there. When a lone pair on an atom is converted into a bonding pair, the formal charge on that atom becomes more positive by 1; when reverse happens; the formal charge on the atom becomes more negative by 1. If a species possesses a π system of MOs constructed from p atomic orbitals that are fully conjugated around a ring, then the species is: Aromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and so on. Antiaromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 4, 8 , 12, 16, 20 and so on. All other species are nonaromatic.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Rule that estimates whether a given organic planar ring structure will show an aromatic property. A cyclic ring molecule is said to follow Hückel’s rule if the л-electrons count in a molecule is [4n+2], where n stands for a positive numerical value. It is also called the [4n+2] rule. Hückel's rule, sometimes referred to as the aromaticity rule, is one but not the only criteria to judge a molecule for aromaticity.

Chapter G, Problem G.4YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All resonance structures and the resonance hybrid for the tropylium ion and benzyl cation are to be drawn. From the resonance structures of each cation, how many structures exhibit aromaticity in the ring is to be determined. From this, the more stable cation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A curved arrow illustrates the movement of a pair of valence electrons. A curved arrow can originate from a lone pair of electrons or from the center of a covalent double or triple bond to indicate the specific pair of electrons that is being moved. The arrow points to an atom if the electrons being moved become a lone pair. Otherwise, the arrow points to the center of an existing single or double bond to represent the formation of a new double or triple bond there. When a lone pair on an atom is converted into a bonding pair, the formal charge on that atom becomes more positive by 1; when reverse happens; the formal charge on the atom becomes more negative by 1.

If a species possesses a π system of MOs constructed from p atomic orbitals that are fully conjugated around a ring, then the species is:

Aromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and so on.

Antiaromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and so on.

All other species are nonaromatic.

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#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Rule that estimates whether a given organic planar ring structure will show an aromatic property. A cyclic ring molecule is said to follow Hückel’s rule if the л-electrons count in a molecule is [4n+2], where n stands for a positive numerical value. It is also called the [4n+2] rule. Hückel's rule, sometimes referred to as the aromaticity rule, is one but not the only criteria to judge a molecule for aromaticity.

Chapter G, Problem G.4YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All resonance structures and the resonance hybrid for the tropylium ion and benzyl cation are to be drawn. From the resonance structures of each cation, how many structures exhibit aromaticity in the ring is to be determined. From this, the more stable cation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A curved arrow illustrates the movement of a pair of valence electrons. A curved arrow can originate from a lone pair of electrons or from the center of a covalent double or triple bond to indicate the specific pair of electrons that is being moved. The arrow points to an atom if the electrons being moved become a lone pair. Otherwise, the arrow points to the center of an existing single or double bond to represent the formation of a new double or triple bond there. When a lone pair on an atom is converted into a bonding pair, the formal charge on that atom becomes more positive by 1; when reverse happens; the formal charge on the atom becomes more negative by 1.

If a species possesses a π system of MOs constructed from p atomic orbitals that are fully conjugated around a ring, then the species is:

Aromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and so on.

Antiaromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and so on.

All other species are nonaromatic.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Rule that estimates whether a given organic planar ring structure will show an aromatic property. A cyclic ring molecule is said to follow Hückel’s rule if the л-electrons count in a molecule is [4n+2], where n stands for a positive numerical value. It is also called the [4n+2] rule. Hückel's rule, sometimes referred to as the aromaticity rule, is one but not the only criteria to judge a molecule for aromaticity.

Chapter G, Problem G.4YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

All resonance structures and the resonance hybrid for the tropylium ion and benzyl cation are to be drawn. From the resonance structures of each cation, how many structures exhibit aromaticity in the ring is to be determined. From this, the more stable cation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A curved arrow illustrates the movement of a pair of valence electrons. A curved arrow can originate from a lone pair of electrons or from the center of a covalent double or triple bond to indicate the specific pair of electrons that is being moved. The arrow points to an atom if the electrons being moved become a lone pair. Otherwise, the arrow points to the center of an existing single or double bond to represent the formation of a new double or triple bond there. When a lone pair on an atom is converted into a bonding pair, the formal charge on that atom becomes more positive by 1; when reverse happens; the formal charge on the atom becomes more negative by 1.

If a species possesses a π system of MOs constructed from p atomic orbitals that are fully conjugated around a ring, then the species is:

Aromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and so on.

Antiaromatic if the number of electrons in that cyclic π system is either 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and so on.

All other species are nonaromatic.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Rule that estimates whether a given organic planar ring structure will show an aromatic property. A cyclic ring molecule is said to follow Hückel’s rule if the л-electrons count in a molecule is [4n+2], where n stands for a positive numerical value. It is also called the [4n+2] rule. Hückel's rule, sometimes referred to as the aromaticity rule, is one but not the only criteria to judge a molecule for aromaticity.

Chapter G, Problem G.4YT

Interpretation Introduction