Chapter FRP, Problem 22P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of A, B, and C are to be determined with the help of given information.

Concept introduction:

舧 Infrared spectroscopy is a simple, instrumental technique, which helps to determine the presence of various functional groups.

舧 It depends on the interactions of atoms or molecules with the electromagnetic radiation.

舧 The molecules that have dipole moment are IR active and the molecules that do not have dipole moment are IR inactive.

舧 Electrophiles are electron-deficient species, which has positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles, which accept electron pair.

舧 Nucleophiles are electron-rich species, which has negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles, which donate electron pair.

舧 Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.

舧 Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.

舧 Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.

舧 The reaction in which there is addition of hydrogen molecule is called hydrogenation reaction.

舧 Symmetrical alkynes with non-polar $\text{C}-\text{H}$ bonds do not have a change in dipole moment during stretching vibrations.

舧 Osmium tetroxide is an oxidizing agent.

舧 The reaction of alkyne with ${\text{Ni}}_2\text{B}\left(\text{P}-2\right)$ yields cis-alkene.

舧 Sodium bisulfite acts as a reducing agent.

舧 ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{/Pt}$ is a reducing agent, which reduces alkynes to alkanes.

舧 ${\text{KMnO}}_{\text{4}}$ is a oxidizing agent, which oxidizes alkynes to carboxylic acid.