Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393663549
Author: KARTY, Joel
Publisher: W. W. Norton and Company
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Question
Chapter E, Problem E.6P
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
For the given IUPAC name, the corresponding structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The suffix ‘
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given IUPAC name, the corresponding structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The suffix ‘amine’ in the IUPAC name represents the presence of the
Interpretation Introduction
(c)
Interpretation:
For the given IUPAC name, the corresponding structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The suffix ‘amine’ in the IUPAC name represents the presence of the
Interpretation Introduction
(d)
Interpretation:
For the given IUPAC name, the corresponding structure is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
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d. In Figure 4, each stationary phase shows some negative correlation between plate count
and retention factor. In other words, as k' increases, N decreases. Explain this relationship
between k' and N.
Plate Count (N)
4000
3500
2500
2000
1500
1000
Figure 4. Column efficiency (N) vs retention factor (k') for 22
nonionizable solutes on FMS (red), PGC (black), and COZ (green). 3000
Eluent compositions (acetonitrile/water, A/W) were adjusted to obtain
k' less than 15, which was achieved for most solutes as follows: FMS
(30/70 A/W), PGC (60/40), COZ (80/20). Slightly different
compositions were used for the most highly retained solutes. All
columns were 50 mm × 4.6 mm id and packed with 5 um particles,
except for COZ, which was packed with 3 um particles. All other
chromatographic conditions were constant: column length 5 cm,
column j.§. 4.6 mm, flow rate 2 mL/min, column temperature 40 °C,
and injection volume 0.5 μL
Log(k'x/K'ethylbenzene)
FMS
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
ཐྭ ཋ ཤྩ བྷྲ ;
500
0
5
10…
f. Predict how the van Deemter curve in Figure 7
would change if the temperature were raised
from 40 °C to 55 °C.
Figure 7. van Desmter curves in reduced coordinates for four
nitroalkane homologues (nitropropane, black; nitrobutane, red;
nitropentane, blue; and nitrohexane, green) separated on the FMS
phase. Chromatographic conditions: column dimensions 50 mm × 4.6
mm id, eluent 30/70 ACN/water, flow rates 0.2-5.0 mL/min, injection
volume 0.5 and column temperature 40 °C. No corrections to the
plate heights have been made to account for extracolumn dispersion.
Reduced Plate Height (h)
°
20
40
60
Reduced Velocity (v)
8. (2) A water sample is analyzed for traces of benzene using headspace analysis. The sample and
standard are spiked with a fixed amount of toluene as an internal standard. The following data are
obtained:
Ppb benzene
Peak area benzene
Peak area toluene
10.0
252
376
Sample
533
368
What is the concentration of benzene in the sample?
Liquid chromatography has been used to track the concentration of remdesivir
(a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, structure shown at right) in COVID patients
undergoing experimental treatments.
Intensity
The authors provide the following details regarding standard solutions
preparation:
HN
CN
HO
OH
NH2
Remdesivir (RDV) stock solution (5000 µg/mL) was prepared by
dissolving RDV drug powder using the mixture of DMSO: MeOH (30:70
v/v). The RDV working standard solutions for calibration and quality
controls were prepared using methanol in concentrations of 100, 10, 1,
0.1, 0.01 µg/mL. 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 1000, and 5000 ng/mL sample solutions
were prepared freshly by spiking calibration standard solutions into the blank human plasma samples
for method calibration.
a) What type of calibration method is being described? Why do you think the authors chose this
method as opposed to another?
b) Based on the details provided in part a, describe an appropriate method blank…
Chapter E Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms
Ch. E - Prob. E.1PCh. E - Prob. E.2PCh. E - Prob. E.3PCh. E - Prob. E.4PCh. E - Prob. E.5PCh. E - Prob. E.6PCh. E - Prob. E.7PCh. E - Prob. E.8PCh. E - Prob. E.9PCh. E - Prob. E.10P
Ch. E - Prob. E.11PCh. E - Prob. E.12PCh. E - Prob. E.13PCh. E - Prob. E.14PCh. E - Prob. E.15PCh. E - Prob. E.16PCh. E - Prob. E.17PCh. E - Prob. E.18PCh. E - Prob. E.19PCh. E - Prob. E.20PCh. E - Prob. E.21PCh. E - Prob. E.22PCh. E - Prob. E.23PCh. E - Prob. E.24PCh. E - Prob. E.25PCh. E - Prob. E.26PCh. E - Prob. E.27PCh. E - Prob. E.28PCh. E - Prob. E.29PCh. E - Prob. E.30PCh. E - Prob. E.31PCh. E - Prob. E.32PCh. E - Prob. E.33PCh. E - Prob. E.34PCh. E - Prob. E.35PCh. E - Prob. E.36PCh. E - Prob. E.37PCh. E - Prob. E.38PCh. E - Prob. E.39PCh. E - Prob. E.40PCh. E - Prob. E.41PCh. E - Prob. E.42PCh. E - Prob. E.43PCh. E - Prob. E.44PCh. E - Prob. E.45PCh. E - Prob. E.46PCh. E - Prob. E.47PCh. E - Prob. E.48P
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- Recent advancements in liquid chromatography include the development of ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and an increased use of capillary columns that had previously only been used with gas chromatography. Both of these advances have made the development of portable LC systems possible. For example, Axcend Corp. makes a portable system that uses a capillary column with an internal diameter of 150-μm-that is packed with 1.7-um stationary phase particles. In contrast, a traditional LC column has a 4.6 mm internal diameter and utilizes 5-um stationary phase particles. a) Explain one advantage that is afforded by the use of a capillary column in liquid chromatographic separation. Explain one disadvantage of capillary columns. b) Explain how the use of smaller stationary phase particles can improve the resolution of a separation. Include any relevant equations that support your explanation. c) A scientist at Rowan University is using the Axcend LC to conduct analyses of F…arrow_forwardThis paper describes the use of fullerene molecules, also known as buckyballs, as a stationary phase for liquid chromatography. The performance of the fullerene-modified stationary phase (FMS) is compared to that of a more common C18 stationary phase and to two other carbon-based stationary phases, PGC and COZ. A. 10A OM B. - Figure 1. Idealized drawing of the cross-section of a pore inside a silica particle, showing the relative densities of aminopropylsilyl (red/green) and fullerene (blue) groups: (A) full cross- section; (B) detailed view of covalent bonding of fullerene to the silica surface. Surface densities of silyl and fullerene groups were inferred from elemental composition results obtained at each stage of the synthesis (see Table 1). Absorbance (mAU, 220 nm) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 a. Define selectivity, a, with words and an equation. b. Explain how the choice of stationary phase affects selectivity. c. Calculate the resolution of the nitrobenzene and toluene peaks in…arrow_forwardNormalized Intensity (a. u.) 0.5 1.0 A 3D-printed GC column (shown below) was created for use with "micro" gas chromatography applications. To prove its utility, it was used to separate a mixture of alkanes (C9-C18, C22, C24). For the separation shown below, the column temperature was ramped from 40 °C to 250 °C at a rate of 30 °C per minute. (a) 9 10 = 1 mm 12 13 15 22 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 Time (sec) a) What detector would you use for this analysis? Justify your selection. b) Explain how the chromatogram would change if the separation was run isothermally. c) Explain how the chromatogram would change if the temperature ramp were increased to 50 °C per minute.arrow_forward
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