What is CODIS? Describe the four most important feature of gentic markers used in the system.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter E, Problem 1P

What is CODIS? Describe the four most important feature of gentic markers used in the system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Describe CODIS and the four most important characteristics of genetic markers used in this system.

Introduction:

In 1990, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation created national DNA database known as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). This database is preserved by Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has three levels of information – Local DNA Index System (LDIS), State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) and National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Explanation of Solution

CODIS – The United States national DNA database is Combined DNA Index System. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) formed it and preserved it. Depending on the type of information being searched against, the CODIS software contains multiple different databases. These databases include forensic samples collected from crime scenes, missing persons, etc.

The genetic markers used in forensic genetic analysis are short tandem repeats (STRs) which contain different numbers of copies of short, repeating sequences of DNA. STRs are less than ten base pairs long and follow a co-dominant pattern of inheritance.

There are four important features of genetic markers – STRs used in CODIS. These include –

A CODIS STR must have a known location of chromosome and the location should ensure that the STR follows independent assortment from all other CODIS markers. This is important for calculation of individual identity.
A CODIS STR must have multiple alleles in all examined populations. The allele should not a frequency more than twenty to twenty five percent in a population. This increases the effectiveness of individual genetic identification.
A CODIS STR must carry alleles that can be amplified by PCR consistently, reliably, and accurately. These alleles should be such that they can be analyzed in highly automated laboratory settings in specially equipped laboratories. This is required to minimize the risk of contamination of DNA samples and to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
The last criterion for CODIS STRs is that their PCR products must distinguish alleles from one another clearly enough for automated PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. This is required for reliable identification of each allele.

Conclusion

CODIS is an important software, containing different types of databases which are used for the forensic investigation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

10. Your instructor will give you 2 amino acids during the activity session (video 2-7. A. First color all the polar and non-polar covalent bonds in the R groups of your 2 amino acids using the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds in the backbone of each amino acid. B. Next, color where all the hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions and ionic bonds could occur in the R group of each amino acid. Use the same colors as in #7. Do not color the bonds in the backbone of each amino acid. C. Position the two amino acids on the page below in an orientation where the two R groups could bond together. Once you are satisfied, staple or tape the amino acids in place and label the bond that you formed between the two R groups. - Polar covalent Bond - Red - Non polar Covalent boND- yellow - Ionic BonD - PINK Hydrogen Bonn - Purple Hydrophobic interaction-green O=C-N H I. H HO H =O CH2 C-C-N HICK H HO H CH2 OH H₂N C = O

Find the dental formula and enter it in the following format: I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3 = 42 (this is not the correct number, just the correct format) Please be aware: the upper jaw is intact (all teeth are present). The bottom jaw/mandible is not intact. The front teeth should include 6 total rectangular teeth (3 on each side) and 2 total large triangular teeth (1 on each side).

12. Calculate the area of a circle which has a radius of 1200 μm. Give your answer in mm² in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures.

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter E, Problem 1P

What is CODIS? Describe the four most important feature of gentic markers used in the system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Describe CODIS and the four most important characteristics of genetic markers used in this system.

Introduction:

In 1990, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation created national DNA database known as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). This database is preserved by Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has three levels of information – Local DNA Index System (LDIS), State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) and National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Explanation of Solution

CODIS – The United States national DNA database is Combined DNA Index System. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) formed it and preserved it. Depending on the type of information being searched against, the CODIS software contains multiple different databases. These databases include forensic samples collected from crime scenes, missing persons, etc.

The genetic markers used in forensic genetic analysis are short tandem repeats (STRs) which contain different numbers of copies of short, repeating sequences of DNA. STRs are less than ten base pairs long and follow a co-dominant pattern of inheritance.

There are four important features of genetic markers – STRs used in CODIS. These include –

A CODIS STR must have a known location of chromosome and the location should ensure that the STR follows independent assortment from all other CODIS markers. This is important for calculation of individual identity.
A CODIS STR must have multiple alleles in all examined populations. The allele should not a frequency more than twenty to twenty five percent in a population. This increases the effectiveness of individual genetic identification.
A CODIS STR must carry alleles that can be amplified by PCR consistently, reliably, and accurately. These alleles should be such that they can be analyzed in highly automated laboratory settings in specially equipped laboratories. This is required to minimize the risk of contamination of DNA samples and to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
The last criterion for CODIS STRs is that their PCR products must distinguish alleles from one another clearly enough for automated PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. This is required for reliable identification of each allele.

Conclusion

CODIS is an important software, containing different types of databases which are used for the forensic investigation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter E, Problem 1P

What is CODIS? Describe the four most important feature of gentic markers used in the system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Describe CODIS and the four most important characteristics of genetic markers used in this system.

Introduction:

In 1990, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation created national DNA database known as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). This database is preserved by Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has three levels of information – Local DNA Index System (LDIS), State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) and National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Explanation of Solution

CODIS – The United States national DNA database is Combined DNA Index System. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) formed it and preserved it. Depending on the type of information being searched against, the CODIS software contains multiple different databases. These databases include forensic samples collected from crime scenes, missing persons, etc.

The genetic markers used in forensic genetic analysis are short tandem repeats (STRs) which contain different numbers of copies of short, repeating sequences of DNA. STRs are less than ten base pairs long and follow a co-dominant pattern of inheritance.

There are four important features of genetic markers – STRs used in CODIS. These include –

A CODIS STR must have a known location of chromosome and the location should ensure that the STR follows independent assortment from all other CODIS markers. This is important for calculation of individual identity.
A CODIS STR must have multiple alleles in all examined populations. The allele should not a frequency more than twenty to twenty five percent in a population. This increases the effectiveness of individual genetic identification.
A CODIS STR must carry alleles that can be amplified by PCR consistently, reliably, and accurately. These alleles should be such that they can be analyzed in highly automated laboratory settings in specially equipped laboratories. This is required to minimize the risk of contamination of DNA samples and to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
The last criterion for CODIS STRs is that their PCR products must distinguish alleles from one another clearly enough for automated PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. This is required for reliable identification of each allele.

Conclusion

CODIS is an important software, containing different types of databases which are used for the forensic investigation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter E, Problem 1P

What is CODIS? Describe the four most important feature of gentic markers used in the system.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Describe CODIS and the four most important characteristics of genetic markers used in this system.

Introduction:

In 1990, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation created national DNA database known as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). This database is preserved by Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has three levels of information – Local DNA Index System (LDIS), State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) and National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Explanation of Solution

CODIS – The United States national DNA database is Combined DNA Index System. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) formed it and preserved it. Depending on the type of information being searched against, the CODIS software contains multiple different databases. These databases include forensic samples collected from crime scenes, missing persons, etc.

The genetic markers used in forensic genetic analysis are short tandem repeats (STRs) which contain different numbers of copies of short, repeating sequences of DNA. STRs are less than ten base pairs long and follow a co-dominant pattern of inheritance.

There are four important features of genetic markers – STRs used in CODIS. These include –

A CODIS STR must have a known location of chromosome and the location should ensure that the STR follows independent assortment from all other CODIS markers. This is important for calculation of individual identity.
A CODIS STR must have multiple alleles in all examined populations. The allele should not a frequency more than twenty to twenty five percent in a population. This increases the effectiveness of individual genetic identification.
A CODIS STR must carry alleles that can be amplified by PCR consistently, reliably, and accurately. These alleles should be such that they can be analyzed in highly automated laboratory settings in specially equipped laboratories. This is required to minimize the risk of contamination of DNA samples and to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
The last criterion for CODIS STRs is that their PCR products must distinguish alleles from one another clearly enough for automated PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. This is required for reliable identification of each allele.

Conclusion

CODIS is an important software, containing different types of databases which are used for the forensic investigation.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Describe CODIS and the four most important characteristics of genetic markers used in this system.

Introduction:

In 1990, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation created national DNA database known as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). This database is preserved by Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has three levels of information – Local DNA Index System (LDIS), State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) and National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Explanation of Solution

CODIS – The United States national DNA database is Combined DNA Index System. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) formed it and preserved it. Depending on the type of information being searched against, the CODIS software contains multiple different databases. These databases include forensic samples collected from crime scenes, missing persons, etc.

The genetic markers used in forensic genetic analysis are short tandem repeats (STRs) which contain different numbers of copies of short, repeating sequences of DNA. STRs are less than ten base pairs long and follow a co-dominant pattern of inheritance.

There are four important features of genetic markers – STRs used in CODIS. These include –

A CODIS STR must have a known location of chromosome and the location should ensure that the STR follows independent assortment from all other CODIS markers. This is important for calculation of individual identity.
A CODIS STR must have multiple alleles in all examined populations. The allele should not a frequency more than twenty to twenty five percent in a population. This increases the effectiveness of individual genetic identification.
A CODIS STR must carry alleles that can be amplified by PCR consistently, reliably, and accurately. These alleles should be such that they can be analyzed in highly automated laboratory settings in specially equipped laboratories. This is required to minimize the risk of contamination of DNA samples and to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
The last criterion for CODIS STRs is that their PCR products must distinguish alleles from one another clearly enough for automated PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. This is required for reliable identification of each allele.

Conclusion

CODIS is an important software, containing different types of databases which are used for the forensic investigation.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Describe CODIS and the four most important characteristics of genetic markers used in this system.

Introduction:

In 1990, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation created national DNA database known as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). This database is preserved by Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has three levels of information – Local DNA Index System (LDIS), State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) and National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Explanation of Solution

CODIS – The United States national DNA database is Combined DNA Index System. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) formed it and preserved it. Depending on the type of information being searched against, the CODIS software contains multiple different databases. These databases include forensic samples collected from crime scenes, missing persons, etc.

The genetic markers used in forensic genetic analysis are short tandem repeats (STRs) which contain different numbers of copies of short, repeating sequences of DNA. STRs are less than ten base pairs long and follow a co-dominant pattern of inheritance.

There are four important features of genetic markers – STRs used in CODIS. These include –

A CODIS STR must have a known location of chromosome and the location should ensure that the STR follows independent assortment from all other CODIS markers. This is important for calculation of individual identity.
A CODIS STR must have multiple alleles in all examined populations. The allele should not a frequency more than twenty to twenty five percent in a population. This increases the effectiveness of individual genetic identification.
A CODIS STR must carry alleles that can be amplified by PCR consistently, reliably, and accurately. These alleles should be such that they can be analyzed in highly automated laboratory settings in specially equipped laboratories. This is required to minimize the risk of contamination of DNA samples and to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
The last criterion for CODIS STRs is that their PCR products must distinguish alleles from one another clearly enough for automated PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. This is required for reliable identification of each allele.

Conclusion

CODIS is an important software, containing different types of databases which are used for the forensic investigation.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To analyze:

Describe CODIS and the four most important characteristics of genetic markers used in this system.

Introduction:

In 1990, the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation created national DNA database known as Combined DNA Index System (CODIS). This database is preserved by Federal Bureau of Investigation. It has three levels of information – Local DNA Index System (LDIS), State DNA Index Systems (SDIS) and National DNA Index System (NDIS)

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

CODIS – The United States national DNA database is Combined DNA Index System. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) formed it and preserved it. Depending on the type of information being searched against, the CODIS software contains multiple different databases. These databases include forensic samples collected from crime scenes, missing persons, etc.

The genetic markers used in forensic genetic analysis are short tandem repeats (STRs) which contain different numbers of copies of short, repeating sequences of DNA. STRs are less than ten base pairs long and follow a co-dominant pattern of inheritance.

There are four important features of genetic markers – STRs used in CODIS. These include –

A CODIS STR must have a known location of chromosome and the location should ensure that the STR follows independent assortment from all other CODIS markers. This is important for calculation of individual identity.
A CODIS STR must have multiple alleles in all examined populations. The allele should not a frequency more than twenty to twenty five percent in a population. This increases the effectiveness of individual genetic identification.
A CODIS STR must carry alleles that can be amplified by PCR consistently, reliably, and accurately. These alleles should be such that they can be analyzed in highly automated laboratory settings in specially equipped laboratories. This is required to minimize the risk of contamination of DNA samples and to ensure the reproducibility of the results.
The last criterion for CODIS STRs is that their PCR products must distinguish alleles from one another clearly enough for automated PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis. This is required for reliable identification of each allele.

Answer 13

Conclusion

CODIS is an important software, containing different types of databases which are used for the forensic investigation.

Answer 14

Ch. E - E.1 What is CODIS? Describe the four most...Ch. E - Compare and constast the terms paternity index...Ch. E - What is exclusion principle? How is it used in...Ch. E - What is the statistical principle underlying...Ch. E - Explain the meaning of identity by descent in the...Ch. E - Prob. 6P Ch. E - E.7 The results shown are from a DNA test for four...Ch. E - E.8 Figure illustrates the results of an...Ch. E - E.9 Additional STR allele frequency information...Ch. E - Prob. 10P

What is CODIS? Describe the four most important feature of gentic markers used in the system.

Concept explainers

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter E Solutions