Chapter D, Problem D.7YT

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The atomic orbital overlap and MO energy diagrams for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Cl}$ are to be constructed, and its LUMO is to be determined from these diagrams.

Concept introduction:

Molecular orbitals are constructed from the AOs of different atoms. When two atoms are brought close enough together (i.e., about a bond length apart), the AOs of one atom significantly overlap the AOs of the other atom, enabling them to undergo constructive and destructive interference or mix, to produce new orbitals called MOs. When AOs undergo mixing to produce new MOs, there are equal numbers of bonding and antibonding orbitals, and the remaining orbitals are represented by nonbonding orbitals. In carbocation, the positively charged carbon is ${\text{sp}}^{\text{2}}$ hybridized and uses these ${\text{sp}}^{\text{2}}$ orbitals for bonding with other three substituents while the normal C atom is ${\text{sp}}^3$ hybridized, and the H atom contributes its s orbital.