Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation:
The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.
Concept introduction:
When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater
If substituents are attached by the same atom, the tiebreaker is applied.
For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment is to be identified.
In each set, arrange the three atoms from the highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.
If they are different, then the atom that has the higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.
If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponding to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.
If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
When writing the IPUAC name, the R or S designation is written in parenthesis for each asymmetric carbon atom, and hyphens are used to separate those designations from the rest of the IUPAC name. Alternatively, all R and S designations can be placed together at the front of the name.
(b)
Interpretation:
The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.
Concept introduction:
When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has the higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets the higher priority.
If substituents are attached by the same atom, the tiebreaker is applied.
For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment is to be identified.
In each set, arrange the three atoms from the highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.
If they are different, then the atom that has the higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.
If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponding to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.
If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
When writing the IPUAC name, the R or S designation is written in parenthesis for each asymmetric carbon atom, and hyphens are used to separate those designations from the rest of the IUPAC name. Alternatively, all R and S designations can be placed together at the front of the name.
(c)
Interpretation:
The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.
Concept introduction:
When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has the higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets the higher priority.
If substituents are attached by the same atom, the tiebreaker is applied.
For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment is to be identified.
In each set, arrange the three atoms from the highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.
If they are different, then the atom that has the higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.
If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponding to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.
If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
When writing the IPUAC name, the R or S designation is written in parenthesis for each asymmetric carbon atom, and hyphens are used to separate those designations from the rest of the IUPAC name. Alternatively, all R and S designations can be placed together at the front of the name.
(d)
Interpretation:
The complete IUPAC name of the given molecule is to be written.
Concept introduction:
When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has the higher priority. In case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets the higher priority.
If substituents are attached by the same atom, the tiebreaker is applied.
For each substituent, the set of three atoms one bond away from its point of attachment is to be identified.
In each set, arrange the three atoms from the highest to the lowest priority. Compare each set’s highest-priority atom.
If they are different, then the atom that has the higher priority corresponds to the higher-priority substituent.
If the highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s second highest priority corresponding to the higher priority substituent. If the second-highest-priority atoms from each set are identical, then compare each set’s lowest-priority atom to break the tie.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R.
When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second, and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S.
If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second, and third priority substituents is determined, and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S.
When writing the IPUAC name, the R or S designation is written in parenthesis for each asymmetric carbon atom, and hyphens are used to separate those designations from the rest of the IUPAC name.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter C Solutions
EBK GET READY FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Which Group 1 metal reacts with O2(g) to form a metal peroxide (M2O2)? Group of answer choices Li K Rb Naarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true regarding the reaction between Group 1 metals and water? Group of answer choices These reactions result in a basic solution. The metals do not actually react easily with water due to the metals' lack of conductivity. These reaction result in an acidic solution. The metals need their outer coatings of metal oxides to react.arrow_forwardWhich element cannot interact with hydrogen through hydrogen bonds? Group of answer choices O S Br Narrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is false regarding hydrogen gas production? Group of answer choices Steam reforming requires a catalyst. Methanol (CH3OH) can react with water using a ZnO catalyst to form H2(g). Methanol (CH3OH) can react with O2(g) using a Pd catalyst to form H2(g). The reaction between CH4(g) and H2O to form H2(g) requires a temperature of at least 700 oCarrow_forwardWhich of the following forms of hydrogen is the least stable? Group of answer choices H H2 H− H+arrow_forwardConsider the following reduction half reactions and standard reduction potentials: Fe3+ + e− → Fe2+ Eo = +0.77 V Fe2+ + e− → Fe(s) Eo = -0.44 V Which of the following statements is true? Group of answer choices The Fe2+ reduction to Fe(s) is spontaneous. Fe2+ can disproportionate into Fe3+ and Fe(s) The Fe3+ reduction to Fe2+ is not spontaneous. Fe3+ and Fe(s) can undergo a comproportionation reaction to form Fe2+arrow_forward
- According to standard reduction potential data in Lecture 4-1, which of the following species is the most difficult to reduce? Group of answer choices Zn2+ AgCl(s) Al3+ Ce4+arrow_forwardConsider the redox reaction: 2 P4 + 8 OH− + 4 H2O → 4 PH3 + 4 HPO32− The element oxidized is ["", "", ""] , the element reduced is ["", "", ""] , one of the oxidizing agents is ["", "", ""] , and the reducing agent is ["", "", ""] .arrow_forwardWhat is the missing reactant in this organic reaction? OH H + R Δ CH3-CH2-CH-CH3 O CH3 CH3-CH2-C-O-CH-CH2-CH3 + H2O Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of R. If there is more than one reasonable answer, you can draw any one of them. If there is no reasonable answer, check the No answe box under the drawing area. Explanation Check Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. C O2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Cerarrow_forward
- Predict the product of this organic reaction: CH3 NH2 Δ CH3-CH-CH3 + HO-C-CH2-N-CH3 P+H₂O Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of P. If there is no reasonable possibility for P, check the No answer box under the drawing area. Explanation Check Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. Xarrow_forwardIn the scope of the SCH4U course, please thoroughly go through the second questionarrow_forwardPlease help me solve these two problems. Thank you in advance.arrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY