Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structure for the given molecule is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater
(b)
Interpretation:
The structure for the given molecule is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has a higher priority. In the case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets a higher priority. When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R. When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S. If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S. If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S. When writing the IPUAC name, the R or S designation is written in parenthesis for each asymmetric carbon atom and hyphens are used to separate those designations from the rest of the IUPAC name.
(c)
Interpretation:
The structure for the given molecule is to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
When assigning priorities to substituents, the atom having the greater atomic number has a higher priority. In the case of comparison between isotopes, the one having the greater atomic mass gets a higher priority. When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second and third priority substituents are arranged clockwise, the configuration is R. When the fourth priority substituent is pointing away (it is attached by a dash bond) and the first, second and third priority substituents are arranged counterclockwise, the configuration is S. If the fourth priority substituent is attached by a wedge bond, then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S. If the fourth priority substituent is in the plane of the page, then it is switched with the substituent that points away. Then the clockwise or counterclockwise arrangement of the first, second and third priority substituents is determined and that arrangement is reversed before assigning R or S. When writing the IPUAC name, the R or S designation is written in parenthesis for each asymmetric carbon atom and hyphens are used to separate those designations from the rest of the IUPAC name.

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Chapter C Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles And Mechanisms
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- For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects O donating O withdrawing O no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no resonance effects O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene Cl O donating O withdrawing ○ donating ○ withdrawing O no inductive effects O no resonance effects O Explanation Check O electron-rich O electron-deficient similar to benzene X © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessarrow_forwardIdentifying electron-donating and For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene. Molecule Inductive Effects NH2 ○ donating NO2 Explanation Check withdrawing no inductive effects Resonance Effects Overall Electron-Density ○ donating O withdrawing O no resonance effects O donating O withdrawing O donating withdrawing O no inductive effects Ono resonance effects O electron-rich electron-deficient O similar to benzene O electron-rich O electron-deficient O similar to benzene olo 18 Ar 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardRank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Explanation Check Х (Choose one) OH (Choose one) OCH3 (Choose one) OH (Choose one) © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Centerarrow_forward
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