Concept explainers
Videos
Practice Problem C.1
(a) Write structural formulas for portions of the chain of the atactic, syndiotactic, and iso-tactic forms of polystyrene (see Practice Problem 10.15). (b) If solutions were made of each of these forms of polystyrene, which solutions would you expect to show optical activity?
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic forms of polystyrene is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
>The polymer, on the basis of stereochemistry around the chiral center, is classified as atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic.
>A polymer in which the stereochemistry at the chiral centre is random is said to be the atactic polymer.
>A polymer in which the stereochemistry at the chiral centre alternates regularly, from one side to the other, on the chain is said to be the syndiotactic polymer.
>A polymer in which the stereochemistry of all chiral centres is the same is said to be the isotactic polymer.
>The polystyrene is the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer of the monomer styrene.
>A molecule is considered optically-active if it contains an achiral center and its mirror image is non-superimposable.
>The molecules which are non-superimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral molecules.
>A pair of two mirror images which are non-identical is known as enantiomers which are optically active.
>The objects or molecules which are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects or molecules and these objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
>The achiral compounds in which plane of symmetry is present internally and consists of chiral centres are known as meso compounds, but they are optically inactive.
>Diastereomers are the stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other and are not superimposable on each other.
>They possess different physical as well as chemical properties, because of difference in orientations.
Answer to Problem 1PP
Solution:
(a) The structural formula for atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic forms of polystyrene is as:
(b) The solution of isotactic polystyrene shows optical activity.
Explanation of Solution
a) The structural formula for portion of the chain of the atactic, and iso-tactic forms of polystyrene.
On the basis of arrangement of substituents on the chiral centre in the chain, the polymer is classified into atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic.
A polymer in which the stereochemistry at the chiral centre is random is said to be the atactic polymer.
A polymer in which the stereochemistry at the chiral centre alternates regularly, from one side to the other, on the chain is said to be the syndiotactic polymer.
A polymer in which the stereochemistry of all chiral centres is the same is said to be the isotactic polymer.
Thus, the structural formula for the atactic form of polystyrene is as:
Thus, the structural formula for the syndiotactic form of polystyrene is as:
Thus, the structural formula for the isotactic form of polystyrene is as:
b) The solution that expected to show optical activity.
A molecule is considered optically-active if it contains an achiral center and its mirror image is non-superimposable. Among the solutions of atactic, syndiotactic, and isotactic forms of polystyrene, the solution of isotactic polystyrene rotates the plane-polarized light and its mirror image is non-superimposable. Thus, the isotactic polystyrene shows optical activity.
Therefore, the solution of isotactic polystyrene shows optical activity.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter C Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-WILEYPLUS ACCESS PKG.
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
College Physics: A Strategic Approach (3rd Edition)
Microbiology: An Introduction
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (13th Edition)
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
- Show work. don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forwardIn intercalation compounds, their sheets can be neutral or have a negative or positive charge, depending on the nature of the incorporated species and its structure. Is this statement correct?arrow_forwardThis thermodynamic cycle describes the formation of an ionic compound MX2 from a metal element M and nonmetal element X in their standard states. What is the lattice enthalpy of MX2 ? What is the enthalpy formation of MX2 ? Suppose both the heat of sublimation of M and the ionization enthalpy of M were smaller. Would MX2 be more stable? Or less? or impossible to tell without more information?arrow_forward
- I need to make 25mL of solution with the stocks shown below. How would I calculate the math?arrow_forwardWe are practicing calculating for making solutions. How would I calculate this?arrow_forwardBr. , H+ .OH Mg ether solvent H+, H₂O 17. Which one of the compounds below is the final product of the reaction sequence shown above? HO A HO HO OH D B OH HO OH C OH HO OH Earrow_forward
- 8:57 PM Sun Jan 26 Content ← Explanation Page X Content X ALEKS Jade Nicol - Le A https://www-av C www-awa.aleks.com O States of Matter Understanding consequences of important physical properties of liquids ? QUESTION Liquid A is known to have a lower viscosity and lower surface tension than Liquid B. Use these facts to predict the result of each experiment in the table below, if you can. experiment Liquid A and Liquid B are each pumped through tubes with an inside diameter of 27.0 mm, and the pressures PA and PB needed to produce a steady flow of 2.4 mL/s are measured. 25.0 mL of Liquid A are poured into a beaker, and 25.0 mL of Liquid B are poured into an identical beaker. Stirrers in each beaker are connected to motors, and the forces FA and FB needed to stir each liquid at a constant rate are measured. predicted outcome OPA will be greater than PB OPA will be less than PB OPA will be equal to PB It's impossible to predict whether PA or PB will be greater without more information.…arrow_forwardShow work. Don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forward5. Please draw in the blanks the missing transition states and the correlated products. Explicitly display relevant absolute stereochemical configuration. MeOH I OMe H Endo transition state, dienophile approaching from the bottom of diene + H ཎྞཾ ཌཱརཱ༔,_o OMe H H OMe Endo transition state, dienophile approaching from the top of diene or from the bottom but horizontally flipped (draw one) + Exo transition state, dienophile approaching from the top of diene or from the bottom but horizontally flipped (draw one) Exo transition state, dienophile approaching from the top of diene or from the bottom but horizontally flipped (draw one) MeO H H MeO H MeO H MeO H Harrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY