Concept explainers
a)
To determine: The decision table for the decision.
Introduction: Decision table is formats or visual representations were data is expressed arranged, determined and calculated to make a effective decision making. A decision table is a tabular representation that is used to analyze decision alternatives and states of nature.
b.
To determine: Maximax decision
Introduction:
Maximax is the decision making method which come decision making under uncertainty. This method finds an alternative that maximizes the maximum outcome of each alternative or we can say that calculating the maximum outcome within every alternatives.
c.
To determine: The minimax decision.
Introduction
Maximin is the decision making method which makes decision making under uncertainty. This method will find an alternative that maximizes the minimum outcome of every alternative or we can say that calculating the minimum outcome within the each alternative.
d.
To determine: Equally likely decision
Introduction
Equally likely is the decision method which come decision making under uncertainty. Under this condition, equal probability is assigned under each uncertainty state of nature.
e.
To draw: Decision tree. Assume each outcome is equally likely, and find the highest EMV.
Introduction:
Decision tree is graphical representation of decision making process which has state of nature, alternative, payoffs and their probabilities of outcomes.
EMV: It is expected value or payout that has different possible state of nature, each with their associated possibilities.
Formula:
Here probabilities are equal likely in each case. So probabilities of the be 1/3= 0.3333
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Operations Management
- The Tinkan Company produces one-pound cans for the Canadian salmon industry. Each year the salmon spawn during a 24-hour period and must be canned immediately. Tinkan has the following agreement with the salmon industry. The company can deliver as many cans as it chooses. Then the salmon are caught. For each can by which Tinkan falls short of the salmon industrys needs, the company pays the industry a 2 penalty. Cans cost Tinkan 1 to produce and are sold by Tinkan for 2 per can. If any cans are left over, they are returned to Tinkan and the company reimburses the industry 2 for each extra can. These extra cans are put in storage for next year. Each year a can is held in storage, a carrying cost equal to 20% of the cans production cost is incurred. It is well known that the number of salmon harvested during a year is strongly related to the number of salmon harvested the previous year. In fact, using past data, Tinkan estimates that the harvest size in year t, Ht (measured in the number of cans required), is related to the harvest size in the previous year, Ht1, by the equation Ht = Ht1et where et is normally distributed with mean 1.02 and standard deviation 0.10. Tinkan plans to use the following production strategy. For some value of x, it produces enough cans at the beginning of year t to bring its inventory up to x+Ht, where Ht is the predicted harvest size in year t. Then it delivers these cans to the salmon industry. For example, if it uses x = 100,000, the predicted harvest size is 500,000 cans, and 80,000 cans are already in inventory, then Tinkan produces and delivers 520,000 cans. Given that the harvest size for the previous year was 550,000 cans, use simulation to help Tinkan develop a production strategy that maximizes its expected profit over the next 20 years. Assume that the company begins year 1 with an initial inventory of 300,000 cans.arrow_forwardScenario 3 Ben Gibson, the purchasing manager at Coastal Products, was reviewing purchasing expenditures for packaging materials with Jeff Joyner. Ben was particularly disturbed about the amount spent on corrugated boxes purchased from Southeastern Corrugated. Ben said, I dont like the salesman from that company. He comes around here acting like he owns the place. He loves to tell us about his fancy car, house, and vacations. It seems to me he must be making too much money off of us! Jeff responded that he heard Southeastern Corrugated was going to ask for a price increase to cover the rising costs of raw material paper stock. Jeff further stated that Southeastern would probably ask for more than what was justified simply from rising paper stock costs. After the meeting, Ben decided he had heard enough. After all, he prided himself on being a results-oriented manager. There was no way he was going to allow that salesman to keep taking advantage of Coastal Products. Ben called Jeff and told him it was time to rebid the corrugated contract before Southeastern came in with a price increase request. Who did Jeff know that might be interested in the business? Jeff replied he had several companies in mind to include in the bidding process. These companies would surely come in at a lower price, partly because they used lower-grade boxes that would probably work well enough in Coastal Products process. Jeff also explained that these suppliers were not serious contenders for the business. Their purpose was to create competition with the bids. Ben told Jeff to make sure that Southeastern was well aware that these new suppliers were bidding on the contract. He also said to make sure the suppliers knew that price was going to be the determining factor in this quote, because he considered corrugated boxes to be a standard industry item. Is Ben Gibson acting legally? Is he acting ethically? Why or why not?arrow_forwardScenario 3 Ben Gibson, the purchasing manager at Coastal Products, was reviewing purchasing expenditures for packaging materials with Jeff Joyner. Ben was particularly disturbed about the amount spent on corrugated boxes purchased from Southeastern Corrugated. Ben said, I dont like the salesman from that company. He comes around here acting like he owns the place. He loves to tell us about his fancy car, house, and vacations. It seems to me he must be making too much money off of us! Jeff responded that he heard Southeastern Corrugated was going to ask for a price increase to cover the rising costs of raw material paper stock. Jeff further stated that Southeastern would probably ask for more than what was justified simply from rising paper stock costs. After the meeting, Ben decided he had heard enough. After all, he prided himself on being a results-oriented manager. There was no way he was going to allow that salesman to keep taking advantage of Coastal Products. Ben called Jeff and told him it was time to rebid the corrugated contract before Southeastern came in with a price increase request. Who did Jeff know that might be interested in the business? Jeff replied he had several companies in mind to include in the bidding process. These companies would surely come in at a lower price, partly because they used lower-grade boxes that would probably work well enough in Coastal Products process. Jeff also explained that these suppliers were not serious contenders for the business. Their purpose was to create competition with the bids. Ben told Jeff to make sure that Southeastern was well aware that these new suppliers were bidding on the contract. He also said to make sure the suppliers knew that price was going to be the determining factor in this quote, because he considered corrugated boxes to be a standard industry item. As the Marketing Manager for Southeastern Corrugated, what would you do upon receiving the request for quotation from Coastal Products?arrow_forward
- The lease of Theme Park, Inc., is about to expire. Management must decide whether to renew the lease for another 10 years or to relocate near the site of a proposed motel. The town planning board is currently debating the merits of granting approval to the motel. A consultant has estimated the net present value of Theme Park's two alternatives under each state of nature as shown below. Suppose that the management of Theme Park, Inc., has decided that there is a 0.40 probability that the motel's application will be approved. Motel Motel Options Rejected $4,500,000 300,000 Approved Renew $ 600,000 Relocate 2,500,000 а-1. If management uses maximum expected monetary value as the decision criterion, calculate expected monetary value for the alternatives "Renew" and "Relocate". Alternative Expected Value Renew Relocatearrow_forwardThe net annual operating cost for a water treatment filtration plant for a semiconductor fabrication line was estimated to be $1,900,000 per year. The estimate was based on the $200,000 per year cost of a 1-MGD plant. The exponent in the cost-capacity equation is 0.75. The size of the larger plant is nearest to: 41,009,300 32,052,560 20,600,020 20,120,162arrow_forwardThe table shows the hypothetical trade-off between different combinations of Stealth Bombers and B-1 Bombers that might be produced in a year with the limited U.S. capacity, ceteris paribus. Production Possibilities for Bombers Combination Number of B-1 Opportunity Cost (Foregone Stealth) S T 0 NA Number of Stealth 10 Opportunity Cost (Foregone B-1) 1 9 U V 2 3 In the production range of 7 to 9 Stealth bombers, the opportunity cost of producing 1 more Stealth Bomber in terms of B-1 Bombers is 7 4 NA Multiple Choice 0. 3. 0.5. 2.arrow_forward
- Southland Corporation's decision to produce a new line of recreational products resulted in the need to construct either a small plant or large plant. The best selection of plant size depends on how the marketplace reacts to the new product line. To conduct an analysis, marketing management has decided to review the possible long-run demand as Low, Medium or High. The following table shows the projected profit in millions of dollars: Plant size Alternatives Low Medium High Small 150 200 200 50 500 Large Probability 200 0.2 0.5 0.3 What is the decision to be made based on: a. Maximax Criterion b. Maximin Criterion c. Minimax Regret Criterion d. Criterion of Realism with alpha e. Criterion of Insufficient Reason f. Decision Tree Analysis = 0.80arrow_forwardAPC industries has been experiencing significant growth and has been having difficulty meeting customer demands recently. They are considering three options to address this issue. They can move to a larger facility, add a second shift or use a subcontractor to assist in production. The annual payoff of each option depends on if the current market continues to expand hold s steady or declines. The expected payoff for each combination is shown in the table below Option Expand Steady Decline Move to larger facility 250,000 125,000 -90,000 Add a second shift 175,000 80,000 -45,000 Subcontract 90,000 15,000 -10,000 Which option should APC choose with the Hurwicz criterion with α = 0.5? Using a minimax regret approach, what alternative should she choose? After reading about economic predictions, APC has assigned the probability that the market will be expanded, or be steady or be weak at 20%, 50%, and 30 %. Using expected monetary values, what option should be chosen, and what…arrow_forwardRefer to the following sensitivity report: Variable Cells Cell Name Final Value Reduced Cost Objective Coefficient AllowableIncrease AllowableDecrease $B$2 Product_1 0 −2 5 2 1E+30 $B$3 Product_2 175 0 7 1E+30 1 $B$4 Product_3 0 −1.5 9 1.5 1E+30 Constraints Cell Name Final Value Shadow Price Constraint R.H.Side AllowableIncrease AllowableDecrease $H$9 Resource_A 0 0 100 1E+30 100 $H$10 Resource_B 525 0 800 1E+30 275 $H$11 Resource_C 700 1.75 700 366.6666667 700 If the right-hand side of Resource_C increases to 750, which of the following would be true The objective function value will increase by $1.75 The objective function value will decrease by $1.75 The objective function value will increase by $87.50 The objective function value will decrease by $87.50 None of the answer choices is correctarrow_forward
- Cool Beans is a locally owned coffeeshop that competes with two large coffee chains, PlanetEuro and Frothies. Alicia, the owner, is considering two different marketing promotions and thinks that CLV analysis will help her decide the best course of action. An average specialty coffee drink sells for $3.23 and has a margin of 73%. One promotion is providing loyalty cards to her regular customers that would give them one free specialty coffee drink after 10 regular purchases. Alicia estimates that this will increase the frequency of their purchases by 9%. Currently, her customers average buying 2 specialty drinks per week. The second promotion is targeted at new customers. She would offer a free specialty drink to incoming college freshmen by providing a coupon with their orientation packages. Because of her location near the college, she expects that 330 students will come to Cool Beans for a free trial. Of those, she anticipates that 17% will become regular customers who will purchase…arrow_forwardCool Beans is a locally owned coffeeshop that competes with two large coffee chains, Planet Euro and Frothies. Alicia, the owner, is considering two different marketing promotions and thinks that CLV analysis will help her decide the best course of action. An average specialty coffee drink sells for $3.14 and has a margin of 79%. One promotion is providing loyalty cards to her regular customers that would give them one free specialty coffee drink after 10 regular purchases. Alicia estimates that this will increase the frequency of their purchases by 16%. Currently, her customers average buying 2 specialty drinks per week. The second promotion is targeted at new customers. She would offer a free specialty drink to incoming college freshmen by providing a coupon with their orientation packages. Because of her location near the college, she expects that 330 students will come to Cool Beans for a free trial of those, she anticipates that 14% will become regular customers who will purchase…arrow_forwardCool Beans is a locally owned coffeeshop that competes with two large coffee chains, PlanetEuro and Frothies. Alicia, the owner, is considering two different marketing promotions and thinks that CLV analysis will help her decide the best course of action. An average specialty coffee drink sells for $4.26 and has a margin of 83%. One promotion is providing loyalty cards to her regular customers that would give them one free specialty coffee drink after 10 regular purchases. Alicia estimates that this will increase the frequency of their purchases by 14%. Currently, her customers average buying 2 specialty drinks per week. The second promotion is targeted at new customers. She would offer a free specialty drink to incoming college freshmen by providing a coupon with their orientation packages. Because of her location near the college, she expects that 310 students will come to Cool Beans for a free trial. Of those, she anticipates that 16% will become regular customers who will…arrow_forward
- Practical Management ScienceOperations ManagementISBN:9781337406659Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.Publisher:Cengage,Purchasing and Supply Chain ManagementOperations ManagementISBN:9781285869681Author:Robert M. Monczka, Robert B. Handfield, Larry C. Giunipero, James L. PattersonPublisher:Cengage Learning