The role of molecular oxygen in photosynthesis. Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process in which solar energy is used for the formation of chemical energy that is glucose from the carbon dioxide and water. This process takes place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. This thylakoid membrane contains two types of photosystem units: PS I that absorb 700 nm of light and PS II that absorb 680 nm of light. Electron transport occurs from photosystem II. When the light of 680 nm strikes on photosystem II, the water molecules present near the photosystem II splits into hydrogen ion (2H+) and evolve as oxygen gas.

Question

The following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 9.4, Problem 1C

Summary Introduction

To determine: The role of molecular oxygen in photosynthesis.

Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process in which solar energy is used for the formation of chemical energy that is glucose from the carbon dioxide and water. This process takes place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. This thylakoid membrane contains two types of photosystem units: PS I that absorb 700 nm of light and PS II that absorb 680 nm of light. Electron transport occurs from photosystem II. When the light of 680 nm strikes on photosystem II, the water molecules present near the photosystem II splits into hydrogen ion (2H+) and evolve as oxygen gas.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The role of molecular oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration.

Introduction: Aerobic cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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The following table is from Kumar et. al. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (DR) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J. Med Chem 2016.

The following figure is from Caterina et al. The capsaicin receptor: a heat activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature, 1997. Black boxes indicate capsaicin, white circles indicate resinferatoxin. You are a chef in a fancy new science-themed restaurant. You have a recipe that calls for 1 teaspoon of resinferatoxin, but you feel uncomfortable serving foods with "toxins" in them. How much capsaicin could you substitute instead?

What protein is necessary for packaging acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 9.4, Problem 1C

Summary Introduction

To determine: The role of molecular oxygen in photosynthesis.

Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process in which solar energy is used for the formation of chemical energy that is glucose from the carbon dioxide and water. This process takes place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. This thylakoid membrane contains two types of photosystem units: PS I that absorb 700 nm of light and PS II that absorb 680 nm of light. Electron transport occurs from photosystem II. When the light of 680 nm strikes on photosystem II, the water molecules present near the photosystem II splits into hydrogen ion (2H+) and evolve as oxygen gas.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The role of molecular oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration.

Introduction: Aerobic cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 9.4, Problem 1C

Summary Introduction

To determine: The role of molecular oxygen in photosynthesis.

Introduction: Photosynthesis is a process in which solar energy is used for the formation of chemical energy that is glucose from the carbon dioxide and water. This process takes place in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. This thylakoid membrane contains two types of photosystem units: PS I that absorb 700 nm of light and PS II that absorb 680 nm of light. Electron transport occurs from photosystem II. When the light of 680 nm strikes on photosystem II, the water molecules present near the photosystem II splits into hydrogen ion (2H+) and evolve as oxygen gas.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The role of molecular oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration.

Introduction: Aerobic cellular respiration is the process by which energy is produced in a cell. Energy is released from the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration that is used by the cell for performing various life processes. Mitochondria are considered as the powerhouses of the cell, which synthesizes energy in the form of ATP.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Set of metabolic processes and reactions that produce energy from organic substances such as glucose. Cellular respiration takes place in the organism’s cells, where the chemical energy from nutrients or molecules of oxygen is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen is called aerobic respiration; in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic respiration.

Chapter 9.4, Problem 1C

Summary Introduction