Chapter 9, Problem 9.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of bonding present in $\text{Cr}\left(s\right)$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. When a metal element interacts with a non-metal, the metal loses electron/electrons. The electrons lost are gained by the non-metal. The metal turns into a cation whereas the non-metal turns into an anion. The electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion leads to the formation of an ionic bond between the two. The constituents in an ionic compound are ions.

A covalent bond is formed by the interaction of two non-metals. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. A covalent bond is the strong forces of attraction between the shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the combining atoms.

Metallic bonds are formed between metals. A metallic bond is formed between positively charged ions in a sea of delocalized electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of bonding present in the compound ${\text{H}}_2\text{S}\left(s\right)$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. When a metal element interacts with a non-metal, the metal loses electron/electrons. The electrons lost are gained by the non-metal. The metal turns into a cation whereas the non-metal turns into an anion. The electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion leads to the formation of an ionic bond between the two. The constituents in an ionic compound are ions.

A covalent bond is formed by the interaction of two non-metals. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. A covalent bond is the strong forces of attraction between the shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the combining atoms.

Metallic bonds are formed between metals. A metallic bond is formed between positively charged ions in a sea of delocalized electrons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of bonding present in $\text{CaO}\left(s\right)$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An ionic bond is formed by the interaction of a metal with a non-metal. When a metal element interacts with a non-metal, the metal loses electron/electrons. The electrons lost are gained by the non-metal. The metal turns into a cation whereas the non-metal turns into an anion. The electrostatic force of attraction between the cation and the anion leads to the formation of an ionic bond between the two. The constituents in an ionic compound are ions.

A covalent bond is formed by the interaction of two non-metals. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. A covalent bond is the strong forces of attraction between the shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the combining atoms.

Metallic bonds are formed between metals. A metallic bond is formed between positively charged ions in a sea of delocalized electrons.