(a) To determine: The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is C 2 H 4 ( g ) + 2 C l ( g ) → C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) + H 2 ( g ) : C 2 H 2 C l 4 ( l ) → C 2 H C l 3 ( l ) + H C l ( g ) ; Δ H ∘ r = − 385.76 k J in words. Concept introduction: At room temperature and 1 atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation. The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs. During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions. The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Question

Derive an expression for incompressible flow in a horizontal pipe of constant diameter andwithout fittings or valves which shows that the pressure is a linear function of pipe length. Whatother assumptions are required for this result? Is this result valid for non-horizontal pipes? Howwill the presence of fittings, valves and other hardware affect this result?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Derive an expression for incompressible flow in a horizontal pipe of constant diameter andwithout fittings or valves which shows that the pressure is a linear function of pipe length. Whatother assumptions are required for this result? Is this result valid for non-horizontal pipes? Howwill the presence of fittings, valves and other hardware affect this result?

Ethylene glycol liquid is used as an antifreeze in many applications. If it is stored in a vessel at a pressure of at 150 psig flows through a ¾ inch-diameter hole to atmospheric pressure. Estimate the discharge rate if the ambient pressure is 1 atm. For ethylene glycol at 77°F, the specific gravity is 1.15 and the viscosity is 25 cP. The molecular weight is 62.07.

Please help me with parts A through D

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.8P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

To determine:

The standard heat of formation of tetrachloroethane and standard heat of second reaction should be determined. The given equation is

C2H4(g)+2Cl(g)→C2H2Cl4(l)+H2(g):C2H2Cl4(l)→C2HCl3(l)+HCl(g); ΔH∘r=−385.76kJ in words.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and 1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

To determine:

The standard heat of reaction for given reaction should be determined by use of Hess’s law. The given reaction is as follow:

C2H4(g)+2Cl2(g)→C2HCl3(l)+H2(g)+HCl(g).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

To solve:

The heat is evolved or absorbed should be found for the given process.

Concept introduction:

At room temperature and

1atm pressure, the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called as the heat of formation.

The term Enthalpy exchange is also used when formation of one mole of compound from its constituent elements occurs.

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

To find:

The effect of temperature change from 400C to 250C should be determined for solution of part (c).

Concept introduction:

During any chemical reaction, when energy changes it is called as the state function according to Hess’s law. This state of function is defined as the energy changes in chemical reactions are same for any kind of reactions like one step reaction or several step reactions.

The total energy change can be calculated as summation of energy change occurring at every step.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of the reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion of gaseous ethane...Ch. 9 - The standard heat of combustion (AH°) of liquid...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the heat required to absorb or evolve that leads to formation of one mole of compound from its constituent element is called heat of formation.

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Chapter 9 Solutions