(a) Interpretation: An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide ( Ph − CH 2 − Br ) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [ 18 ] -crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated. Concept introduction: Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place. Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Experiment: Each team will be provided with 5g of a mixture of acetanilide and salicylic acid. You will divide it into three 1.5 g portions in separate 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks savıng some for melting point analysis. Dissolve the mixture in each flask in ~60mL of DI water by heating to boiling on a hotplate. Take the flasks off the hotplate once you have a clear solution and let them stand on the bench top for 5 mins and then allow them to cool as described below. Sample A-Let the first sample cool slowly to room temperature by letting it stand on your lab bench, with occasional stirring to promote crystallization. Sample B-Cool the second sample 1n a tap-water bath to 10-15 °C Sample C-Cool the third sample in an ice-bath to 0-2 °C Results: weight after recrystalization and melting point temp. A=0.624g,102-115° B=0.765g, 80-105° C=1.135g, 77-108 What is the percent yield of A,B, and C.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 9.64AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “When benzyl bromide (Ph−CH2−Br) is added to a suspension of potassium fluoride in benzene, no reaction occurs. However, when a catalytic amount of the crown ether [18]-crown-6 is added to the solution, benzyl fluoride can be isolated in high yield” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required is not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

An explanation for the observation, “If lithium fluoride is substituted for potassium fluoride, no reaction occurs even in the presence of the crown ether” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solubility of the compounds into each other depends upon the kind of interaction both compounds contains. If the both the interaction are similar then dissolution process takes place.

Some reactions do not take place because one of the reactant required in not soluble in the media of the reaction. Phase-transfer catalysts become very useful in these kinds of reactions.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.2P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.3P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.4P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.6P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.7P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.8P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.9P Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that phase-transfer catalysts are compounds that have solubility in both the medias, organic and aqueous media.

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