Chapter 9, Problem 9.35P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The bond energy using the $\text{H-Cl}$ bond as an example is to be defined. Also, whether the energy is released or absorbed or $\Delta H$ value is positive or negative when the bond break and the relation of the magnitude and sign of this $\Delta H$ value with that of $\text{H-Cl}$ bond formation is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

A covalent bond is formed by the interaction of two nonmetals. Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms. A covalent bond is the strong forces of attraction between the shared pairs of electrons and the nuclei of the combining atoms.

The electrons are localized between the atoms and lead to the formation of a covalent bond. The electron density is greater between the nucleus of the atom in the covalent bond.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of the product. $H_{\text{Product}}$ is greater than $H_{\text{Reactant}}$ and $\Delta H$ is positive in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. $H_{\text{Reactant}}$ is greater than $H_{\text{Product}}$ and $\Delta H$ is negative in the exothermic reactions.