
(a)
Interpretation:
The expression of molecular orbital as
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbitals can be expressed as the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). Certain conditions should be satisfied for the formation of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals. They are, combining atomic orbitals should have comparable energy, combining orbitals should have similar symmetry and should have proper overlap.
Bonding molecular orbital are formed by the constructive interference of two atomic orbitals (additive effect) and the amplitude of new wave can be represented as
Anti-bonding molecular orbital are formed by the destructive interference of two atomic orbitals (subtractive effect) and the amplitude of new wave can be represented as
(b)
Interpretation:
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbitals can be expressed as the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). Certain conditions should be satisfied for the formation of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals. They are, combining atomic orbitals should have comparable energy, combining orbitals should have similar symmetry and should have proper overlap.
Bonding molecular orbital are formed by the constructive interference of two atomic orbitals (additive effect) and the amplitude of new wave can be represented as
Anti-bonding molecular orbital are formed by the destructive interference of two atomic orbitals (subtractive effect) and the amplitude of new wave can be represented as
Two functions are said to be orthogonal if the integral of their product is zero.
Consider two functions X and Y. If these functions are orthogonal then
A function is said to be normalized if the integral of its product to itself is 1.
Consider a function X, if this function is normalized then
(c)
Interpretation:
The value of
Concept Introduction:
Molecular orbitals can be expressed as the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). Certain conditions should be satisfied for the formation of molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals. They are, combining atomic orbitals should have comparable energy, combining orbitals should have similar symmetry and should have proper overlap.
Bonding molecular orbital are formed by the constructive interference of two atomic orbitals (additive effect) and the amplitude of new wave can be represented as
Anti-bonding molecular orbital are formed by the destructive interference of two atomic orbitals (subtractive effect) and the amplitude of new wave can be represented as

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Chapter 9 Solutions
Elements Of Physical Chemistry
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