Concept explainers
Candyland uses
- 1. What denominator level is Candyland using to allocate fixed
manufacturing costs to the candy? How is Candyland disposing of any favorable or unfavorable production-volume variance at the end of the year? Explain your answer briefly. - 2. How did Candyland’s accountants arrive at the breakeven volume of 25,000 units?
- 3. Prepare a variable costing-based income statement for each year. Explain the variation in variable costing operating income for each year based on contribution margin per unit and sales volume.
- 4. Reconcile the operating incomes under variable costing and absorption costing for each year, and use this information to explain to Jack McCay the positive operating income in 2017 and the drop in operating income in 2018.
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HORNGRENS COST ACCOUNTING W/ACCESS
- At the beginning of the last quarter of 20x1, Youngston, Inc., a consumer products firm, hired Maria Carrillo to take over one of its divisions. The division manufactured small home appliances and was struggling to survive in a very competitive market. Maria immediately requested a projected income statement for 20x1. In response, the controller provided the following statement: After some investigation, Maria soon realized that the products being produced had a serious problem with quality. She once again requested a special study by the controllers office to supply a report on the level of quality costs. By the middle of November, Maria received the following report from the controller: Maria was surprised at the level of quality costs. They represented 30 percent of sales, which was certainly excessive. She knew that the division had to produce high-quality products to survive. The number of defective units produced needed to be reduced dramatically. Thus, Maria decided to pursue a quality-driven turnaround strategy. Revenue growth and cost reduction could both be achieved if quality could be improved. By growing revenues and decreasing costs, profitability could be increased. After meeting with the managers of production, marketing, purchasing, and human resources, Maria made the following decisions, effective immediately (end of November 20x1): a. More will be invested in employee training. Workers will be trained to detect quality problems and empowered to make improvements. Workers will be allowed a bonus of 10 percent of any cost savings produced by their suggested improvements. b. Two design engineers will be hired immediately, with expectations of hiring one or two more within a year. These engineers will be in charge of redesigning processes and products with the objective of improving quality. They will also be given the responsibility of working with selected suppliers to help improve the quality of their products and processes. Design engineers were considered a strategic necessity. c. Implement a new process: evaluation and selection of suppliers. This new process has the objective of selecting a group of suppliers that are willing and capable of providing nondefective components. d. Effective immediately, the division will begin inspecting purchased components. According to production, many of the quality problems are caused by defective components purchased from outside suppliers. Incoming inspection is viewed as a transitional activity. Once the division has developed a group of suppliers capable of delivering nondefective components, this activity will be eliminated. e. Within three years, the goal is to produce products with a defect rate less than 0.10 percent. By reducing the defect rate to this level, marketing is confident that market share will increase by at least 50 percent (as a consequence of increased customer satisfaction). Products with better quality will help establish an improved product image and reputation, allowing the division to capture new customers and increase market share. f. Accounting will be given the charge to install a quality information reporting system. Daily reports on operational quality data (e.g., percentage of defective units), weekly updates of trend graphs (posted throughout the division), and quarterly cost reports are the types of information required. g. To help direct the improvements in quality activities, kaizen costing is to be implemented. For example, for the year 20x1, a kaizen standard of 6 percent of the selling price per unit was set for rework costs, a 25 percent reduction from the current actual cost. To ensure that the quality improvements were directed and translated into concrete financial outcomes, Maria also began to implement a Balanced Scorecard for the division. By the end of 20x2, progress was being made. Sales had increased to 26,000,000, and the kaizen improvements were meeting or beating expectations. For example, rework costs had dropped to 1,500,000. At the end of 20x3, two years after the turnaround quality strategy was implemented, Maria received the following quality cost report: Maria also received an income statement for 20x3: Maria was pleased with the outcomes. Revenues had grown, and costs had been reduced by at least as much as she had projected for the two-year period. Growth next year should be even greater as she was beginning to observe a favorable effect from the higher-quality products. Also, further quality cost reductions should materialize as incoming inspections were showing much higher-quality purchased components. Required: 1. Identify the strategic objectives, classified by the Balanced Scorecard perspective. Next, suggest measures for each objective. 2. Using the results from Requirement 1, describe Marias strategy using a series of if-then statements. Next, prepare a strategy map. 3. Explain how you would evaluate the success of the quality-driven turnaround strategy. What additional information would you like to have for this evaluation? 4. Explain why Maria felt that the Balanced Scorecard would increase the likelihood that the turnaround strategy would actually produce good financial outcomes. 5. Advise Maria on how to encourage her employees to align their actions and behavior with the turnaround strategy.arrow_forwardShannon, Inc., has two divisions. One produces and sells paper party supplies (napkins, paper plates, invitations); the other produces and sells cookware. A segmented income statement for the most recent quarter is given below: On seeing the quarterly statement, Madge Shannon, president of Shannon, Inc., was distressed and discussed her disappointment with Bob Ferguson, the companys vice president of finance. MADGE: The Party Supplies Division is killing us. Its not even covering its own fixed costs. Im beginning to believe that we should shut down that division. This is the seventh consecutive quarter it has failed to provide a positive segment margin. I was certain that Paula Kelly could turn it around. But this is her third quarter, and she hasnt done much better than the previous divisional manager. BOB: Well, before you get too excited about the situation, perhaps you should evaluate Paulas most recent proposals. She wants to spend 10,000 per quarter for the right to use familiar cartoon figures on a new series of invitations, plates, and napkins and at the same time increase the advertising budget by 25,000 per quarter to let the public know about them. According to her marketing people, sales should increase by 10 percent if the right advertising is doneand done quickly. In addition, Paula wants to lease some new production machinery that will increase the rate of production, lower labor costs, and result in less waste of materials. Paula claims that variable costs will be reduced by 30 percent. The cost of the lease is 95,000 per quarter. Upon hearing this news, Madge calmed considerably and, in fact, was somewhat pleased. After all, she was the one who had selected Paula and had a great deal of confidence in Paulas judgment and abilities. Required: 1. Assuming that Paulas proposals are sound, should Madge Shannon be pleased with the prospects for the Party Supplies Division? Prepare a segmented income statement for the next quarter that reflects the implementation of Paulas proposals. Assume that the Cookware Divisions sales increase by 5 percent for the next quarter and that the same cost relationships hold. 2. Suppose that everything materializes as Paula projected except for the 10 percent increase in salesno change in sales revenues takes place. Are the proposals still sound? What if the variable costs are reduced by 40 percent instead of 30 percent with no change in sales?arrow_forwardLeander Office Products Inc. produces and sells small storage and organizational products for office use. During the first month of operations, the products sold well. Andrea Leander, the owner of the company, was surprised to see a loss for the month on her income statement. This statement was prepared by a local bookkeeping service recommended to her by her bank manager. The statement follows: LEANDER OFFICE PRODUCTS INC. Income Statement Sales (43,000 units) Variable expenses: Variable cost of goods sold*< Variable selling and administrative expenses Contribution margin Fixed expenses: Fixed manufacturing overhead Fixed selling and administrative expenses Operating loss $253,700 $116,530 49,880 166,410 87,290 89,586 17,200 106,786 $(19,496) *Consists of direct materials, direct labour, and variable manufacturing overhead. Leander is discouraged over the loss shown for the month, particularly since she had planned to use the statement to encourage investors to purchase shares in the…arrow_forward
- accoutingarrow_forwardPlease help mearrow_forwardMillard Corporation is a wholesale distributor of office products. It purchases office products from manufacturers and distributes them in the West, Central, and East regions. Each of these regions is about the same size and each has its own manager and sales staff. The company has been experiencing losses for many months. In an effort to improve performance, management has requested that the monthly income statement be segmented by sales region. The company's first effort at preparing a segmented income statement for May is given below. Sales Regional expenses (traceable): Cost of goods sold Advertising Salaries Utilities Depreciation Shipping expense Total regional expenses Regional income (loss) before corporate expenses Corporate expenses: Advertising (general) General administrative expense Total corporate expenses Net operating income (loss) Variable expenses: Total variable expenses Traceable fixed expenses: Total traceable fixed expenses Common fixed expenses: Total common…arrow_forward
- Millard Corporation is a wholesale distributor of office products. It purchases office products from manufacturers and distributes them in the West, Central, and East regions. Each of these regions is about the same size and each has its own manager and sales staff. The company has been experiencing losses for many months. In an effort to improve performance, management has requested that the monthly income statement be segmented by sales region. The company’s first effort at preparing a segmented income statement for May is given below. Sales Region West Central East Sales $ 311,000 $ 796,000 $ 703,000 Regional expenses (traceable): Cost of goods sold 94,000 240,000 312,000 Advertising 105,000 236,000 240,000 Salaries 54,000 54,000 107,000 Utilities 8,700 16,100 13,600 Depreciation 21,000 35,000 28,000 Shipping expense 17,000 31,000 36,000 Total regional expenses 299,700 612,100 736,600 Regional income (loss) before corporate expenses 11,300…arrow_forwardMillard Corporation is a wholesale distributor of office products. It purchases office products from manufacturers and distributes them in the West, Central, and East regions. Each of these regions is about the same size and each has its own manager and sales staff. The company has been experiencing losses for many months. In an effort to improve performance, management has requested that the monthly income statement be segmented by sales region. The company's first effort at preparing a segmented income statement for May is given below. Sales Regional expenses (traceable): Cost of goods sold Advertising Salaries Utilities Depreciation Shipping expense Total regional expenses Regional income (loss) before corporate expenses Corporate expenses: Advertising (general) General administrative expense Total corporate expenses Net operating income (loss) West $ 312,000 94,000 100,000 56,000 8,600 25,000 16,000 299,600 12,400 13,000 20,000 33,000 $ (20,600) Sales Region Central $ 796,000…arrow_forwardMillard Corporation is a wholesale distributor of office products. It purchases office products from manufacturers and distributes them in the West, Central, and East regions. Each of these regions is about the same size and each has its own manager and sales staff. The company has been experiencing losses for many months. In an effort to improve performance, management has requested that the monthly income statement be segmented by sales region. The company's first effort at preparing a segmented income statement for May is given below. Sales Regional expenses (traceable): Cost of goods sold Advertising Salaries Utilities Depreciation Shipping expense Total regional expenses Regional income (loss) before corporate expenses Corporate expenses: Advertising (general) General administrative expense Total corporate expenses Net operating income (loss) Variable expenses: Total variable expenses Traceable fixed expenses: Total traceable fixed expenses Common fixed expenses: Total common…arrow_forward
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