Chapter 9, Problem 9.1QP

Describe the formation of a sodium chloride crystal from atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of a Sodium chloride crystal from atoms should be described.

Answer to Problem 9.1QP

The $\text{NaCl}$ crystal consists of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$ ions enclosed by six ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$ ions encircled by six ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$ ions.

Explanation of Solution

• As $\text{Na}$ atom approach a $\text{Cl}$ atom, the outside electron of the $\text{Na}$ atom transfer to the $\text{Cl}$ atom.

$\text{Na(}\left[\text{Ne}\right]{\text{3s}}^{\text{1}}\text{)+}\text{Cl(}\left[\text{Ne}\right]{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{5}}\text{)}\to {\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}\text{(}\left[\text{Ne}\right]{\text{)+Cl}}^{\text{-}}\text{(}\left[\text{Ne}\right]{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}\text{)}$

Sodium atom 3s orbital electron is transferred into Chlorine 3p orbital

• The result is a ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$ and an ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$ ion.
• Completely charged ions be a focus for negatively charged ions, for that reason, finally, the $\text{NaCl}$ crystal consists of ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$ ions encircled by six ${\text{Cl}}^{\text{-}}$ ions encircled by six ${\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}$ ions.

Conclusion

The formation of a Sodium chloride crystal from atoms was described.