Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion. (a) CSe 2 (b) SO 2 (c) CH 2 O (d) NH 4 ss

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 8PS

Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion.

(a) CSe₂

(b) SO₂

(c) CH₂O

(d) NH₄^ss

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_Se2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_Se2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two Se atoms are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $C_Se2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$S_O2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $S_O2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two oxygen atoms are bonded to the sulfur atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $S_O2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_H2O$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_H2O$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2B$ type molecule) two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are three atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are trigonal planar.

A molecule with $AX2B$ type ( $C_H2O$ ) possesses $sp2$ hybridization.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$N_H4+$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $N_H4+$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX4$ type molecule) four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. Since there are four atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are tetrahedral.

A molecule with $AX4$ type ( $N_H4+$ ) possesses $sp3$ hybridization.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 8PS

Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion.

(a) CSe₂

(b) SO₂

(c) CH₂O

(d) NH₄^ss

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_Se2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_Se2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two Se atoms are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $C_Se2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$S_O2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $S_O2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two oxygen atoms are bonded to the sulfur atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $S_O2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_H2O$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_H2O$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2B$ type molecule) two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are three atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are trigonal planar.

A molecule with $AX2B$ type ( $C_H2O$ ) possesses $sp2$ hybridization.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$N_H4+$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $N_H4+$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX4$ type molecule) four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. Since there are four atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are tetrahedral.

A molecule with $AX4$ type ( $N_H4+$ ) possesses $sp3$ hybridization.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 8PS

Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion.

(a) CSe₂

(b) SO₂

(c) CH₂O

(d) NH₄^ss

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_Se2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_Se2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two Se atoms are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $C_Se2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$S_O2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $S_O2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two oxygen atoms are bonded to the sulfur atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $S_O2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_H2O$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_H2O$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2B$ type molecule) two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are three atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are trigonal planar.

A molecule with $AX2B$ type ( $C_H2O$ ) possesses $sp2$ hybridization.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$N_H4+$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $N_H4+$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX4$ type molecule) four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. Since there are four atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are tetrahedral.

A molecule with $AX4$ type ( $N_H4+$ ) possesses $sp3$ hybridization.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 9, Problem 8PS

Specify the electron-pair and molecular geometry for each underlined atom in the following list. Describe the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in each molecule or ion.

(a) CSe₂

(b) SO₂

(c) CH₂O

(d) NH₄^ss

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_Se2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_Se2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two Se atoms are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $C_Se2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$S_O2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $S_O2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two oxygen atoms are bonded to the sulfur atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $S_O2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_H2O$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_H2O$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2B$ type molecule) two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are three atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are trigonal planar.

A molecule with $AX2B$ type ( $C_H2O$ ) possesses $sp2$ hybridization.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$N_H4+$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $N_H4+$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX4$ type molecule) four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. Since there are four atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are tetrahedral.

A molecule with $AX4$ type ( $N_H4+$ ) possesses $sp3$ hybridization.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_Se2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_Se2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two Se atoms are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $C_Se2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$S_O2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $S_O2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two oxygen atoms are bonded to the sulfur atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $S_O2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization.

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_H2O$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_H2O$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2B$ type molecule) two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are three atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are trigonal planar.

A molecule with $AX2B$ type ( $C_H2O$ ) possesses $sp2$ hybridization.

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$N_H4+$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $N_H4+$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX4$ type molecule) four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. Since there are four atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are tetrahedral.

A molecule with $AX4$ type ( $N_H4+$ ) possesses $sp3$ hybridization.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_Se2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_Se2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two Se atoms are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $C_Se2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_Se2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Answer 13

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_Se2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two Se atoms are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $C_Se2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$S_O2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $S_O2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two oxygen atoms are bonded to the sulfur atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $S_O2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$S_O2$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Answer 19

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $S_O2$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2$ type molecule) two oxygen atoms are bonded to the sulfur atom. Since there are two atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are linear.

A molecule with $AX2$ type ( $S_O2$ ) possesses $sp$ hybridization.

Answer 20

(c)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_H2O$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_H2O$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2B$ type molecule) two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are three atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are trigonal planar.

A molecule with $AX2B$ type ( $C_H2O$ ) possesses $sp2$ hybridization.

Answer 21

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$C_H2O$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Answer 25

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $C_H2O$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX2B$ type molecule) two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom are bonded to the carbon atom. Since there are three atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are trigonal planar.

A molecule with $AX2B$ type ( $C_H2O$ ) possesses $sp2$ hybridization.

Answer 26

(d)

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$N_H4+$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $N_H4+$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX4$ type molecule) four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. Since there are four atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are tetrahedral.

A molecule with $AX4$ type ( $N_H4+$ ) possesses $sp3$ hybridization.

Answer 27

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 28

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer 30

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The electron pair and molecular geometry for the atom underlined in the given molecule has to be specified and the hybrid orbital set used by this atom in the molecule should be described.

$N_H4+$

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the mixing of valence atomic orbitals to get equivalent hybridized orbitals that having similar characteristics and energy.
Geometry of a molecule can be predicted by knowing its hybridization.
$sp3$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and three p-orbital.
$sp2$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization between one s-orbital and two p-orbitals.
$sp$ hybrid orbitals is produced by hybridization of single s-orbital and single p-orbital.

Electron geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering both bond electron pairs and lone pair of electrons.

Molecular geometry is the shape of a molecule predicted by considering only bond pair of electrons.

Geometry of different types of molecule with respect to the hybridizations are mentioned are mentioned below,

$Type of moleculeHybridaization Atomic orbitals used for hybridaization GeometryAX2sp1s+1pLinearAX3,AX2Bsp21s+2pTrigonal planarAX4,AX3B,AX2B2sp31s+3pTetrahedralAX5,AX4B,AX3B2,AX2B3sp3d1s+3p+1dTrigonal bipyramidalAX6,AX5B,AX4B2sp3d21s+3p+2dOctahedralA → Central atomX → Atoms bonded to AB → Non bonding electron pairs on A$

Geometry of different type of molecules with respect to the number of electron pairs are mentioned below,

$Type of Molecule No. of atomsbonded to central atomsNo. of lone pairs on central atomArrangement of electron pairsMolecularGeometryAB220LinearLinearAB330Trigonal planarTrigonal planarAB440TetrahedralTetrahedralAB550Trigonal bipyramidalTrigonal bipyramidalAB660OctahedralOctahedral$

Answer 31

Explanation of Solution

In the given molecule, $N_H4+$ (According to the above mentioned table it is an example for $AX4$ type molecule) four hydrogen atoms are bonded to the nitrogen atom. Since there are four atoms bonded to the central atom without any lone pair of electrons on central atom, both the electron pair and molecular geometries are tetrahedral.