Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321809247
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 9, Problem 84E
In the Chemistry and the Environment box on free radicals in this chapter, we discussed the importance of the hydroxyl radical in reacting with and eliminating many atmospheric pollutants. However, the hydroxyl radical does not clean up everything. For example, chlorofluorocarbons—which destroy stratospheric ozone—are not attacked by the hydroxyl radical. Consider the hypothetical reaction by which the hydroxyl radical might react with a chlorofluorocarbon:
OH(g)+ CF2Cl2(g)→HOF(g)+ CFCl2(g)
Use bond energies to explain why this reaction is improbable. (The C—F bond energy is 552 kJ/mol.)
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach
Ch. 9 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 9 - Q2. Which set of elements is arranged in order of...Ch. 9 - Q3. Which is the correct Lewis structure for...Ch. 9 - Q4. Which compound is likely to have an incomplete...Ch. 9 - Q5. Which compound has the highest magnitude of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 9 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 9 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 9 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 9 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 9 - Q11. Determine the formal charge of nitrogen in...Ch. 9 - Q12. A Lewis structure for the acetate ion is...Ch. 9 - Q13. Use formal charge to choose the best Lewis...Ch. 9 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 9 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 9 - Prob. 1ECh. 9 - Prob. 2ECh. 9 - Prob. 3ECh. 9 - Prob. 4ECh. 9 - 5. Describe the octet rule in the Lewis model.
Ch. 9 - 6. According to the Lewis model, what is a...Ch. 9 - 7. How do you draw an ionic Lewis structure?
Ch. 9 - 8. How can Lewis structures be used to determine...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9ECh. 9 - Prob. 10ECh. 9 - Prob. 11ECh. 9 - Prob. 12ECh. 9 - Prob. 13ECh. 9 - Prob. 14ECh. 9 - 15. In a covalent Lewis structure, what is the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16ECh. 9 - 17. How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding...Ch. 9 - 18. How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding...Ch. 9 - 19. What is electronegativity? What are the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20ECh. 9 - 21. Explain percent ionic character of a bond. Do...Ch. 9 - 22. What is a dipole moment?
Ch. 9 - Prob. 23ECh. 9 - Prob. 24ECh. 9 - Prob. 25ECh. 9 - 26. What are resonance structures? What is a...Ch. 9 - 27. Do resonance structures always contribute...Ch. 9 - 28. What is formal charge? How is formal charge...Ch. 9 - 29. Why does the octet rule have exceptions? List...Ch. 9 - 30. Which elements can have expanded octets? Which...Ch. 9 - Prob. 31ECh. 9 - Prob. 32ECh. 9 - 33. What is the electron sea model for bonding in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 34ECh. 9 - 35. Write the electron configuration for N. Then...Ch. 9 - 36. Write the electron configuration for Ne. Then...Ch. 9 - 37. Write the Lewis symbol for each atom or...Ch. 9 - 38. Write the Lewis symbol for each atom or...Ch. 9 - 39. Write the Lewis symbols for the ions in each...Ch. 9 - 40. Write the Lewis symbols for the ions in each...Ch. 9 - 41. Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for...Ch. 9 - 42. Use Lewis symbols to determine the formula for...Ch. 9 - 43. Explain the trend in the lattice energies of...Ch. 9 - 44. Rubidium iodide has a lattice energy of –617...Ch. 9 - Prob. 45ECh. 9 - 46. Arrange these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - 47. Use the Born–Haber cycle and data from...Ch. 9 - 48. Use the Born–Haber cycle and data from...Ch. 9 - 49. Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why...Ch. 9 - 50. Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why...Ch. 9 - 51. Write the Lewis structure for each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 52ECh. 9 - 53. Write the Lewis structure for each...Ch. 9 - 54. Write the Lewis structure for each...Ch. 9 - 55. Determine if a bond between each pair of atoms...Ch. 9 - 56. Determine if a bond between each pair of atoms...Ch. 9 - 57. Draw the Lewis structure for CO with an arrow...Ch. 9 - 58. Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow...Ch. 9 - 59. Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or...Ch. 9 - 60. Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or...Ch. 9 - 61. Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or...Ch. 9 - 62. Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or...Ch. 9 - 63. Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet...Ch. 9 - 64. Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet...Ch. 9 - 65. Use formal charge to identify the better Lewis...Ch. 9 - 66. Use formal charges to identify the better...Ch. 9 - 67. How important is the resonance structure shown...Ch. 9 - 68. In N2O, nitrogen is the central atom and the...Ch. 9 - 69. Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance...Ch. 9 - 70. Draw the Lewis structure (including resonance...Ch. 9 - 71. What are the formal charges of the atoms shown...Ch. 9 - 72. What are the formal charges of the atoms shown...Ch. 9 - 73. Write the Lewis structure for each molecule...Ch. 9 - 74. Write the Lewis structure for each molecule...Ch. 9 - 75. Write the Lewis structure for each ion....Ch. 9 - 76. Write Lewis structures for each molecule or...Ch. 9 - 77. Write Lewis structures for each molecule or...Ch. 9 - 78. Write Lewis structures for each molecule or...Ch. 9 - 79. Order these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 9 - 80. Which compound shown here has the stronger...Ch. 9 - 81. Hydrogenation reactions are used to add...Ch. 9 - 82. Ethanol is a possible fuel. Use average bond...Ch. 9 - 83. Hydrogen, a potential future fuel, can be...Ch. 9 - 84. In the Chemistry and the Environment box on...Ch. 9 - 85. Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each...Ch. 9 - 86. Write an appropriate Lewis structure for each...Ch. 9 - 87. Each compound contains both ionic and covalent...Ch. 9 - 88. Each compound contains both ionic and covalent...Ch. 9 - 89. Carbon ring structures are common in organic...Ch. 9 - 90. Amino acids are the building blocks of...Ch. 9 - 91. Formic acid is responsible for the sting of...Ch. 9 - 92. Diazomethane is a highly poisonous, explosive...Ch. 9 - 93. The reaction of Fe2O3(s) with Al(s) to form...Ch. 9 - Prob. 94ECh. 9 - 95. Draw the Lewis structure for nitric acid (the...Ch. 9 - 96. Phosgene (Cl2CO) is a poisonous gas used as a...Ch. 9 - 97. The cyanate ion (OCN–) and the fulminate ion...Ch. 9 - Prob. 98ECh. 9 - Prob. 99ECh. 9 - 100. Use Lewis structures to explain why Br3– and...Ch. 9 - 101. Draw the Lewis structure for HCSNH2. (The...Ch. 9 - 102. Draw the Lewis structure for urea, H2NCONH2,...Ch. 9 - 103. Some theories of aging suggest that free...Ch. 9 - 104. Free radicals are important in many...Ch. 9 - Prob. 105ECh. 9 - 106. Calculate ΔHrxn for the combustion of octane...Ch. 9 - 107. Draw the Lewis structure for each...Ch. 9 - Prob. 108ECh. 9 - Prob. 109ECh. 9 - 110. Calculate for the reaction using the bond...Ch. 9 - Prob. 111ECh. 9 - Prob. 112ECh. 9 - 113. A compound composed of only carbon and...Ch. 9 - Prob. 114ECh. 9 - 115. The main component of acid rain (H2SO4) forms...Ch. 9 - 116. A 0.167-g sample of an unknown acid requires...Ch. 9 - Prob. 117ECh. 9 - Prob. 118ECh. 9 - Prob. 119ECh. 9 - 120. The standard heat of formation of CaBr2 is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 121ECh. 9 - Prob. 122ECh. 9 - Prob. 123ECh. 9 - Prob. 124ECh. 9 - Prob. 125ECh. 9 - 126. Which statement is true of an endothermic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 127ECh. 9 - Prob. 128ECh. 9 - Prob. 129E
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