BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264839698
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 6U
Signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases often
a. leads to the production of the second messenger cAMP.
b. leads to the production of the second messenger IP3.
c. stimulates gene expression directly.
d. leads to the activation of a cascade of kinase enzymes.
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A hormone signals through a G protein-coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal?
A. the hydrolysis of IP3
B. the hydrolysis of GTP
C. the hydrolysis of PIP2
D. the hydrolysis of the hormone
Identify which of the following statements is a lie?
Select one:
a. The docking of ligands to the receptor causes receptor-associated proteins to activate another protein to continue the signaling cascade and one example of this event is the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor .
b. Ligands are important to initiate signal Transduction pathway.
c. Ligands detach from the cell surface receptor in order to change the conformation of the receptor and initiate the signaling pathway.
What features are remarkable about steroid receptors? (Select all that apply)
A. Steroid receptors are localized in the cytoplasm
B. steroid receptors are localized in the plasma membrane
C. steroid receptors can translocate to the nucleus
D. steroid receptors represent the beginning of a signaling Cascade
E. steroid receptors can also function as transcription factors
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.4 - Describe how information crosses the membrane in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9 - Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands...Ch. 9 - Signal transduction pathways a. are necessary for...Ch. 9 - The function of a ____is to add phosphates to...Ch. 9 - Which of the following receptor types is NOT a...Ch. 9 - How does the function of an intracellular receptor...Ch. 9 - Signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases often...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7UCh. 9 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ACh. 9 - The ion Ca2+ can act as a second messenger because...Ch. 9 - Different receptors can have the same effect on a...Ch. 9 - In comparing small G proteins like Ras and GPCR...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5ACh. 9 - The receptors for steroid hormones and peptide...Ch. 9 - Describe the common features found in all examples...Ch. 9 - The sheet of cells that form the gut epithelium...
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- Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are a. produced by the cell itself. b. secreted by neighboring cells. c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells. d. secreted by distant cells.arrow_forwardxytocin stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in the breast and uterine wall. The key step in muscle contraction is release of calcium from internal cell stores. With which type of receptor does oxytocin interact to cause muscle contraction? A. Gαi-coupled receptor B. Tyrosine kinase coupled receptor C. Cytokine type 1 receptor D. Ser/Thr kinase receptor E. Gαq-coupled receptorarrow_forwardWhich is correct?a. cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates tyrosine residues.b. Protein kinase C is activated by cAMP.c. The subunit of Gs proteins that activates adenylyl cyclase is the beta subunit.d. Lipid-soluble messengers typically act on receptors in the cell cytosol ornucleus.e.The binding site of a typical plasma membrane receptor for its messenger is located on the cytosolic surface of the receptor.arrow_forward
- A biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).arrow_forwardExplain how a kinase cascade works. Why is this advantageous in the context of hormone signaling?arrow_forwardRelease of glucose into the bloodstream from cells in the liver can be initiated by epinephrine binding to the epinephrine receptor on the plasma membrane of liver cells. This cascade requires cAMP signaling which BOTH activates protein kinase A and deactivates glycogen synthase. The dual effect of cAMP on protein kinase A and glycogen synthase is an example of what? a. ligand/ receptor signal specificity b. communication of surface signals to the nucleus c. amplification of second messenger signaling d. second messenger signaling pathway crosstalkarrow_forward
- Which of the following is not correct about a second messenger system? A. The activating hormone interacts with a receptor site on the plasma membrane. B. The activating hormone activates an enzyme, most often adenylate cyclase C. Activated adenylate cyclase catalyzes the transformation of AMP to cyclic AMP D. Cyclic AMP causes the activation of protein kinase E. None of these are correct.arrow_forwardBinding EGF to the EGF receptor causes phosphorylation of tyrosines on the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which this phosphorylation activates downstream signaling complexes? Select one A. Causes degradation of receptor by proteasome pathway B. Causes EGF receptor to be internalized so it can interact directly with downstream signaling molecules C. Tyrosine phosphorylation alters 3D structure of downstream signaling proteins causing them to change from an inactive to active conformation D. Causes release of EGF from receptor E. Alters the localization of downstream signaling partners in the cytoplasmarrow_forwardThe action of steroid hormones is different from that of peptide hormones becausea. peptide hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas steroid hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.b. steroid hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas peptide hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.c. peptide hormones produce a hormone receptor complex that works directly on the DNA, whereas steroid hormones cause the release of a secondary messenger that triggers enzymes.d. None of these answers is correct.arrow_forward
- A hormone signals through a G protein- coupled receptor as shown in the diagram. After the production of IP3, which of these events will MOST quickly stop the transduction of the signal? A. the hydrolysis of IP3 B. the hydrolysis of GTP C. the hydrolysis of PIP2 D. the hydrolysis of the hormonearrow_forwardThe following are components involved in GPCR signaling, except for: a. ligand b. second messenger c. G proteins d. all of the above e. none of the abovearrow_forward2) Indicate by writing “yes” or “no” whether amplification of a signal could occur at the particular steps described below. Explain your answers. A. B. C. D. E. An extracellular signaling molecule binds and activates a GPCR. The activated GPCRs cause Ga to separate from GB and Gy. Adenylyl cyclase produces cyclic AMP. CAMP activates protein kinase A. Protein kinase A phosphorylates target proteins.arrow_forward
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