1 SEM ACC W/RAVEN CARDED
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781265486297
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 9, Problem 5A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Cell signaling involves three processes, namely reception, transduction and cellular response. The same signal molecule can produce different effects in different cells while different signal molecules can produce same effects in the different cells.
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All cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.
Identify which of the following statements is a lie?
Select one:
a. The docking of ligands to the receptor causes receptor-associated proteins to activate another protein to continue the signaling cascade and one example of this event is the binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to the EGF receptor .
b. Ligands are important to initiate signal Transduction pathway.
c. Ligands detach from the cell surface receptor in order to change the conformation of the receptor and initiate the signaling pathway.
Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are
a. produced by the cell itself.
b. secreted by neighboring cells.
c. present on the plasma membrane of neighboring cells.
d. secreted by distant cells.
Chapter 9 Solutions
1 SEM ACC W/RAVEN CARDED
Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 9.4 - Describe how information crosses the membrane in...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 9.4 - Prob. 4LOCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 9 - Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands...Ch. 9 - Signal transduction pathways a. are necessary for...Ch. 9 - The function of a ____is to add phosphates to...Ch. 9 - Which of the following receptor types is NOT a...Ch. 9 - How does the function of an intracellular receptor...Ch. 9 - Signaling through receptor tyrosine kinases often...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7UCh. 9 - Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1ACh. 9 - The ion Ca2+ can act as a second messenger because...Ch. 9 - Different receptors can have the same effect on a...Ch. 9 - In comparing small G proteins like Ras and GPCR...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5ACh. 9 - The receptors for steroid hormones and peptide...Ch. 9 - Describe the common features found in all examples...Ch. 9 - The sheet of cells that form the gut epithelium...
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- A small number of cell surface receptors and low amounts of signals (ligands) can generate a large intracellular response as each step of the signal transduction pathway can be expanded by... A. gene amplification, i.e. increasing the number of target genes. B. enzyme-mediated signal amplification, e.g. phosphorylation cascades. C. the synthesis of new proteins. D. ATP Synthase, e.g. by building proton (H+) gradients.arrow_forwardThe receptor-associated proteins called G proteins... A. bind GTP. B. can activate or inhibit an effector protein, e.g. adenyl cyclase. C. interact with membrane-associated proteins to influence their function. D. both a and b E. a, b, and carrow_forwardA biochemist is designing a new drug that will mimic the shape and function of a particular intercellular signaling molecule. Therefore she must produce a molecule that will bind to the receptor protein and... A. produce a cellular response by altering the Na+/K+ pump located near the receptor site. B. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. C. induce a change in the receptor molecule shape, which will ultimately produce a cellular response. D. induce a change in the phospholipid bilayer that causes a polar reversal allowing the molecules to be endocytose (engulfed).arrow_forward
- In a clinical study, it was found that copaiba essential oil positively regulated multiple signaling pathways in neuronal cells. These included the following signaling pathways which regulate neuronal metabolism, proliferation and immunity: (Select all that apply.) Choose at least one answer. a. AMPK b. pI3K/Akt/mTOR c. MAPK d. JAK/STATarrow_forwardA cell has epinephrine receptors, yet is unable to respond to epinephrine signaling. One possible reason is: A. The cell has no DNA. B. The cell is missing a functional G-protein or adenylyl cyclase. C. All of the epinephrine receptors are on the cell’s surface. (They’re supposed to be in the cytoplasm!) D. Both A and C.arrow_forwardA researcher tested Compound A on chemotaxing cells and measured the relative amount of filamentous actin found in the cells at different times. Based on the researcher’s observations on filamentous actin, what other observation regarding cell chemotaxis was MOST likely observed? A. The cell moved toward the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. B. The cell moved away from the source of the signaling molecule only after the addition of Compound A. C. The cell first moved toward and then away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A. D. The cell did not move toward or away from the signaling molecule after the addition of Compound A.arrow_forward
- A scientist observes a mutation in the transmembrane region of EGFR that eliminates its ability to be stabilized by binding interactions during dimerization after ligand binding. Which hypothesis regarding the effect of this mutation on EGF signaling is most likely to be correct? a. EGF signaling cascades would be active for longer in the cell. b. EGF signaling cascades would be active for a shorter period of time in the cell. c. EGF signaling cascades would not occur. d. EGF signaling would be unaffected.arrow_forward40. Notch receptors operate through juxtacrine signaling which requires A. close physical association between the signal-emitting and signal-receiving cells B. cells far away from each other communicating through chemical messengers C. a cell to release a ligand that binds to a receptor on its own surface D. None of the abovearrow_forwardOne advantage chemical signaling has over electrical signaling is thata. reaction to stimuli can happen very quickly.b. although it takes large amounts of chemicals, the chemical signals are efficient.c. chemical signals stick around longer than electrical signals and can be used for slow processes.d. chemical signals are used in response to external and internal stimuli.arrow_forward
- Coat color in mammals is controlled by a hormone receptor called the melanocortin receptor. When this receptor is bound by the hormone MSH, pigment cells produce dark eumelanin. When the receptor is bound by an MSH antagonist that prevents MSH binding, pigment cells make yellow/red pheomelanin. In the Irish Setter, the overall red coat color could be due to a mutation in the a. receptor that prevents the antagonist from binding. b. receptor that prevents MSH from binding. c. MSH protein such that it binds the receptor more efficiently. d. antagonist such that it no longer binds to the receptor.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of Ras during tyrosine kinase cell signaling? a. It activates the opening of channel-linked receptors. b. It is an enzyme that synthesizes second messengers. c. It links the receptor protein to the MAP kinase pathway. d. It phosphorylates other enzymes as part of a pathway.arrow_forwardEGF signals by binding to cell surface EGF receptors. Which of these observations, if true, would BEST explain EGF’s mechanism of action? A. EGF is hydrophilic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane B. EGF is hydrophobic and can easily diffuse through the cell membrane C. EGF is hydrophilic and cannot diffuse through the cell membrane D. EGF is hydrophobic and cannot diffuse through the cell membranearrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license