Microbiology: An Introduction, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134729336
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 4R
Suppose you want multiple copies of a gene you have synthesized. How would you obtain the necessary copies by cloning? By PCR?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
List substitutions in your diet you could make to improve it based on what you know now about a balanced diet. For instance, if you like to drink soda, you might substitute skim milk or water for some of the soft drinks you consumed. List the item you wish to replace with the new item and what you hope to accomplish with that substitution. Be sure to choose foods you know that you'd enjoy and you consider more "healthful." If you feel your diet is already balanced, describe how you accomplish your balanced intake and when you began eating this way.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast the following terms: a. cDNA...Ch. 9 - Differentiate the following terms. Which one is...Ch. 9 - Some commonly used restriction enzymes are listed...Ch. 9 - Suppose you want multiple copies of a gene you...Ch. 9 - Which enzyme makes the smallest fragment...Ch. 9 - Describe a recombinant DNA experiment in two or...Ch. 9 - List at least two examples of the use of rDNA in...Ch. 9 - You are attempting to insert a gene for saltwater...Ch. 9 - How does RNAi silence a gene?Ch. 9 - Prob. 10R
Ch. 9 - Restriction enzymes were first discovered with the...Ch. 9 - The DNA probe, 3-GGCTTA, will hybridize with which...Ch. 9 - Which of the following is the fourth basic step to...Ch. 9 - The following enzymes are used to make cDNA. What...Ch. 9 - If you put a gene in a virus, the next step in...Ch. 9 - You have a small gene that you want replicated by...Ch. 9 - Pieces of human DNA stored in yeast cells. a....Ch. 9 - A population of cells carrying a desired plasmid....Ch. 9 - Self-replicating DNA for transmitting a gene from...Ch. 9 - A gene that hybridizes with mRNA. a. antisense b....Ch. 9 - Design an experiment using vaccinia virus to make...Ch. 9 - Why did the use of DNA polymerase from the...Ch. 9 - The following picture shows bacterial colonies...Ch. 9 - Prob. 1CAECh. 9 - Using the restriction enzyme ECORI, the following...
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- 1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.arrow_forward2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…arrow_forwardThe current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?arrow_forward
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