WebAssign for Zumdahl's Chemical Principles, 8th Edition [Instant Access], Single-Term
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780357119112
Author: Zumdahl; Steven S.
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 20E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation : The work associated with the two pathways should be calculated.
Concept Introduction :
The work done is calculated as follows:
w − work done
P − pressure
∆V − change in volume
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Understanding how substituents activate
Rank each of the following substituted benzene molecules in order of which will react fastest (1) to slowest (4) by electrophilic
aromatic substitution.
Explanation
HN
NH2
Check
X
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
(Choose one)
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Identifying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing effects on benzene
For each of the substituted benzene molecules below, determine the inductive and resonance effects the substituent will have on the
benzene ring, as well as the overall electron-density of the ring compared to unsubstituted benzene.
Inductive Effects
Resonance Effects
Overall Electron-Density
Molecule
CF3
O donating
O donating
O withdrawing
O withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O no resonance effects
electron-rich
electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
CH3
O donating
O withdrawing
O no inductive effects
O donating
O withdrawing
Ono resonance effects
O electron-rich
O electron-deficient
O similar to benzene
Explanation
Check
Х
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* Hint: Think back to Chem 1 solubility rules.
Follow Up Questions for Part B
12. What impact do the following disturbances to a system at equilibrium have on k, the rate constant
for the forward reaction? Explain. (4 pts)
a) Changing the concentration of a reactant or product. (2 pts)
b) Changing the temperature of an exothermic reaction. (2 pts)
of
Chapter 9 Solutions
WebAssign for Zumdahl's Chemical Principles, 8th Edition [Instant Access], Single-Term
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