The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi , and viruses. Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi, and viruses.

Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The bacteria belong to the large class of prokaryotic micro-organisms. They are divided into various categories based on different parameters. These parameters can be shape, cell wall composition, mode of respiration, pathogenicity, and many more. Gram stain demarcates the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic and live independently of the host organism. The genetic material of bacteria is DNA and has biomolecules for the replication, transcription, and translation.

Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They reproduce and produce multiple copies of them inside the cells. This causes cell lysis, and after harming the cells, they move to new cells. This cycle keeps on, and this is the reason that viruses are very harmful to living organisms. They are pathogenic, dependent on the host, and do not possess all the essential proteins and molecules for replication and energy derivation. Therefore, they require the host to complete their life cycle.

Protists and fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms that also depend on organic food and are not entirely dependent on other organisms for food and energy requirements.

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19. On the diagram below a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA. b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing. c. Add the following details to the diagram. Promoter region TATA box Transcription start site Transcription terminator Intron (A,B,C,D) Exons (1,2,3,4,5) Splice sites 5' cap 5' UTR (untranslated region) 3' poly A tail 3' UTR (untranslated region) Translational start (AUG) Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA) N and C ends of polypeptide 0000

Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter labels are not used. MNNNNNNIN M C B A M D F E H K G 8

The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi, and viruses.

Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The bacteria belong to the large class of prokaryotic micro-organisms. They are divided into various categories based on different parameters. These parameters can be shape, cell wall composition, mode of respiration, pathogenicity, and many more. Gram stain demarcates the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic and live independently of the host organism. The genetic material of bacteria is DNA and has biomolecules for the replication, transcription, and translation.

Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They reproduce and produce multiple copies of them inside the cells. This causes cell lysis, and after harming the cells, they move to new cells. This cycle keeps on, and this is the reason that viruses are very harmful to living organisms. They are pathogenic, dependent on the host, and do not possess all the essential proteins and molecules for replication and energy derivation. Therefore, they require the host to complete their life cycle.

Protists and fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms that also depend on organic food and are not entirely dependent on other organisms for food and energy requirements.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi, and viruses.

Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The bacteria belong to the large class of prokaryotic micro-organisms. They are divided into various categories based on different parameters. These parameters can be shape, cell wall composition, mode of respiration, pathogenicity, and many more. Gram stain demarcates the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic and live independently of the host organism. The genetic material of bacteria is DNA and has biomolecules for the replication, transcription, and translation.

Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They reproduce and produce multiple copies of them inside the cells. This causes cell lysis, and after harming the cells, they move to new cells. This cycle keeps on, and this is the reason that viruses are very harmful to living organisms. They are pathogenic, dependent on the host, and do not possess all the essential proteins and molecules for replication and energy derivation. Therefore, they require the host to complete their life cycle.

Protists and fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms that also depend on organic food and are not entirely dependent on other organisms for food and energy requirements.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 9, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi, and viruses.

Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The bacteria belong to the large class of prokaryotic micro-organisms. They are divided into various categories based on different parameters. These parameters can be shape, cell wall composition, mode of respiration, pathogenicity, and many more. Gram stain demarcates the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic and live independently of the host organism. The genetic material of bacteria is DNA and has biomolecules for the replication, transcription, and translation.

Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They reproduce and produce multiple copies of them inside the cells. This causes cell lysis, and after harming the cells, they move to new cells. This cycle keeps on, and this is the reason that viruses are very harmful to living organisms. They are pathogenic, dependent on the host, and do not possess all the essential proteins and molecules for replication and energy derivation. Therefore, they require the host to complete their life cycle.

Protists and fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms that also depend on organic food and are not entirely dependent on other organisms for food and energy requirements.

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Answer 5

Chapter 9, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi, and viruses.

Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The bacteria belong to the large class of prokaryotic micro-organisms. They are divided into various categories based on different parameters. These parameters can be shape, cell wall composition, mode of respiration, pathogenicity, and many more. Gram stain demarcates the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic and live independently of the host organism. The genetic material of bacteria is DNA and has biomolecules for the replication, transcription, and translation.

Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They reproduce and produce multiple copies of them inside the cells. This causes cell lysis, and after harming the cells, they move to new cells. This cycle keeps on, and this is the reason that viruses are very harmful to living organisms. They are pathogenic, dependent on the host, and do not possess all the essential proteins and molecules for replication and energy derivation. Therefore, they require the host to complete their life cycle.

Protists and fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms that also depend on organic food and are not entirely dependent on other organisms for food and energy requirements.

Answer 6

Chapter 9, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi, and viruses.

Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The bacteria belong to the large class of prokaryotic micro-organisms. They are divided into various categories based on different parameters. These parameters can be shape, cell wall composition, mode of respiration, pathogenicity, and many more. Gram stain demarcates the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic and live independently of the host organism. The genetic material of bacteria is DNA and has biomolecules for the replication, transcription, and translation.

Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They reproduce and produce multiple copies of them inside the cells. This causes cell lysis, and after harming the cells, they move to new cells. This cycle keeps on, and this is the reason that viruses are very harmful to living organisms. They are pathogenic, dependent on the host, and do not possess all the essential proteins and molecules for replication and energy derivation. Therefore, they require the host to complete their life cycle.

Protists and fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms that also depend on organic food and are not entirely dependent on other organisms for food and energy requirements.

Answer 7

Chapter 9, Problem 1RC

Summary Introduction

To determine: The structure and function of bacteria, protists, fungi, and viruses.

Introduction: For a pathogen to maintain a successful host-pathogen relationship, the microbe must be able to find a suitable and nourishing environment inside the host body, which can be either inside the host cells or outside. For a host, an excellent immune system will determine the degree of invasion and the recovery time from the disease.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The bacteria belong to the large class of prokaryotic micro-organisms. They are divided into various categories based on different parameters. These parameters can be shape, cell wall composition, mode of respiration, pathogenicity, and many more. Gram stain demarcates the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They can be pathogenic or non-pathogenic and live independently of the host organism. The genetic material of bacteria is DNA and has biomolecules for the replication, transcription, and translation.

Viruses are defined as infectious agents that can survive only by invading the living cells. They reproduce and produce multiple copies of them inside the cells. This causes cell lysis, and after harming the cells, they move to new cells. This cycle keeps on, and this is the reason that viruses are very harmful to living organisms. They are pathogenic, dependent on the host, and do not possess all the essential proteins and molecules for replication and energy derivation. Therefore, they require the host to complete their life cycle.

Protists and fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms that also depend on organic food and are not entirely dependent on other organisms for food and energy requirements.

Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 9.1 - Louis Pasteur is often credited with saying,...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 9.3 - To which antibiotic (A, B, C, D, or E) is the...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 9.4 - MICRO INQUIRY What is the difference between...

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