A sample of 15 weight litters is tested to see how much weight they can bench press. They then follow a special training program for three weeks, alter which they are tested again. The samples are the amounts of weights that were lilted before and after the training program.
Check whether the two samples are independent or paired.
Answer to Problem 1CQ
The two samples are paired.
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
It is given that, a sample of 15 weight lifters are tested to see the amount of weights lifted by them and a training program is given for 3 weeks for those 15 weight lifters and again tested to see the amount of weights lifted by them. The samples are the amounts of weights lifted by 15 weight lifters before and after the training program.
Independent samples:
Any two randomly selected samples are said to be independent, if the observations in one sample do not depend on the observations in the other sample. In other words it can be said that the observations in one sample should not influence the observations in the other sample.
Paired or dependent samples:
Any two randomly selected samples are said to be paired, if each observation in one sample is paired with the observation in the second sample. In other words it can be said that, if two different drugs are imposed one after another on the same subjects and values of each drug are indicated as a sample, then the two samples are said to be paired o dependent samples.
Here, a single group of individuals is selected. Each and every individual is taken a weight lifting test before and after the training program. This scenario gives two samples of amounts of weights, first sample of weights before the training program and the second sample of weights after the training program.
The investigator compares the weights lifted by weight lifters before and after the training program, to determine the effectiveness of training program.
Here, each observation in one sample can be paired with an observation in second sample. That is, the two samples are dependent.
Thus, the two samples are paired.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Essential Statistics
- Let X be a random variable with support SX = {−3, 0.5, 3, −2.5, 3.5}. Part ofits probability mass function (PMF) is given bypX(−3) = 0.15, pX(−2.5) = 0.3, pX(3) = 0.2, pX(3.5) = 0.15.(a) Find pX(0.5).(b) Find the cumulative distribution function (CDF), FX(x), of X.1(c) Sketch the graph of FX(x).arrow_forwardA well-known company predominantly makes flat pack furniture for students. Variability with the automated machinery means the wood components are cut with a standard deviation in length of 0.45 mm. After they are cut the components are measured. If their length is more than 1.2 mm from the required length, the components are rejected. a) Calculate the percentage of components that get rejected. b) In a manufacturing run of 1000 units, how many are expected to be rejected? c) The company wishes to install more accurate equipment in order to reduce the rejection rate by one-half, using the same ±1.2mm rejection criterion. Calculate the maximum acceptable standard deviation of the new process.arrow_forward5. Let X and Y be independent random variables and let the superscripts denote symmetrization (recall Sect. 3.6). Show that (X + Y) X+ys.arrow_forward
- 8. Suppose that the moments of the random variable X are constant, that is, suppose that EX" =c for all n ≥ 1, for some constant c. Find the distribution of X.arrow_forward9. The concentration function of a random variable X is defined as Qx(h) = sup P(x ≤ X ≤x+h), h>0. Show that, if X and Y are independent random variables, then Qx+y (h) min{Qx(h). Qr (h)).arrow_forward10. Prove that, if (t)=1+0(12) as asf->> O is a characteristic function, then p = 1.arrow_forward
- 9. The concentration function of a random variable X is defined as Qx(h) sup P(x ≤x≤x+h), h>0. (b) Is it true that Qx(ah) =aQx (h)?arrow_forward3. Let X1, X2,..., X, be independent, Exp(1)-distributed random variables, and set V₁₁ = max Xk and W₁ = X₁+x+x+ Isk≤narrow_forward7. Consider the function (t)=(1+|t|)e, ER. (a) Prove that is a characteristic function. (b) Prove that the corresponding distribution is absolutely continuous. (c) Prove, departing from itself, that the distribution has finite mean and variance. (d) Prove, without computation, that the mean equals 0. (e) Compute the density.arrow_forward
- 1. Show, by using characteristic, or moment generating functions, that if fx(x) = ½ex, -∞0 < x < ∞, then XY₁ - Y2, where Y₁ and Y2 are independent, exponentially distributed random variables.arrow_forward1. Show, by using characteristic, or moment generating functions, that if 1 fx(x): x) = ½exarrow_forward1990) 02-02 50% mesob berceus +7 What's the probability of getting more than 1 head on 10 flips of a fair coin?arrow_forward
- Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGALBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin HarcourtGlencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
- Algebra: Structure And Method, Book 1AlgebraISBN:9780395977224Author:Richard G. Brown, Mary P. Dolciani, Robert H. Sorgenfrey, William L. ColePublisher:McDougal LittellElementary AlgebraAlgebraISBN:9780998625713Author:Lynn Marecek, MaryAnne Anthony-SmithPublisher:OpenStax - Rice UniversityAlgebra and Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)AlgebraISBN:9781305071742Author:James Stewart, Lothar Redlin, Saleem WatsonPublisher:Cengage Learning