Fluid Pressure
The term fluid pressure is coined as, the measurement of the force per unit area of a given surface of a closed container. It is a branch of physics that helps to study the properties of fluid under various conditions of force.
Gauge Pressure
Pressure is the physical force acting per unit area on a body; the applied force is perpendicular to the surface of the object per unit area. The air around us at sea level exerts a pressure (atmospheric pressure) of about 14.7 psi but this doesn’t seem to bother anyone as the bodily fluids are constantly pushing outwards with the same force but if one swims down into the ocean a few feet below the surface one can notice the difference, there is increased pressure on the eardrum, this is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure.
A sphygmomanometer is a device used to measure blood pressure, typically consisting of an inflatable cuff and a manometer used to measure air pressure in the cuff. In a mercury sphygmomanometer, blood pressure is related to the difference in heights between two columns of mercury.
The mercury sphygmomanometer shown in Figure P9.15 contains air at the cuff pressure P. The difference in mercury heights between the left tube and the right tube is h = 115 mmHg = 0.115 m, a normal systolic reading. What is the gauge systolic bloodpressure Pgauge in pascals? The density of mercury is p = 13.6 × 103 kg/m3 and the ambient pressure is P0 = 1.01 × 105 Pa.
Figure P9.15
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