Concept explainers
Direct materials and direct labor variances
At the beginning of June, Bezco Toy Company budgeted 5,000 toy action figures to be manufactured in June at standard direct materials and direct labor costs as follows:
The standard materials price is $4.00 per pound. The standard direct labor rate is $18.00 per hour. At the end of June, the actual direct materials and direct labor costs were as follows:
There were no direct materials price or direct labor rate variances for June. In addition, assume no changes in the direct materials inventory balances in June. Bezco Toy Company actually produced 4,850 units during June.
Determine the direct materials quantity and direct labor time variances.

Ascertain the direct materials quantity variance and the direct labor time variances.
Explanation of Solution
Direct materials quantity variances:
The difference between the actual quantity and the standard quantity multiplied by the standard price is known as direct material quantity variance. When the actual quantity exceeds the standard quantity, the variance is unfavorable. Similarly, when the actual quantity is less than the standard quantity, the variance is favorable.
Direct labor time variance:
Direct labor time variance is the difference between actual direct labor hours, and the standard direct labor hours multiplied by standard rate per hour. When the actual direct labor hours exceeds the standard direct labor hours, the variance is unfavorable. Similarly, when the actual direct labor hour is less than the standard direct labor hour, the variance is favorable.
The direct materials quantity variance and the direct labor time variances are determined as follows:
(a) Determine the standard direct materials and direct labor per unit.
Working notes:
(1)Determine the standard direct materials quantity per unit:
(2)Determine the standard pounds per unit:
(3)Determine the standard direct labor time per unit:
(4)Determine the standard direct labor hours per unit:
(b) To determine the standard costs for the actual June production, using the standard quantity and time rates in (a).
(5)Determine units of actual direct materials:
(6)Determine units of actual direct materials:
Therefore, the total standard costs for the actual June production is
(c) Determine the direct materials quantity and direct labor time variance:
The direct materials quantity variance is determined as follows:
Working notes:
(7)Determine the actual quantity:
Therefore, the direct labor time variance is $1,100 and it is a unfavorable variance. Since the actual quantity is less than the standard quantity.
The direct labor time variance is determined as follows:
(9)Determine the standard direct labor hours:
(10)Determine the accrual labor hours:
Therefore, direct labor time variance is $(9,000) and it is a favorable variance. Since the actual direct labor hour is less than the standard direct labor hour.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
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