Programmable Logic Controllers
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073373843
Author: Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 11RQ
Program Plan Intro
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC):
- PLC is a specialized computer used in industrial segments to control machines and process.
- PLC is program that consists of a set of instructions which resembles the controlling functions needed to perform specific tasks.
- The function of PLC is similar to that of a relay and hence, in an industrial segment a relay is greatly replaced by a suitable PLC.
- When compared to general Personal Computer (PC), a PLC is available in small and tiny sizes.
- The basic architecture of a PLC consists of an input-output interface module and a small Central Processing Unit (CPU) that runs by controlling
programming language.
Explanation of Solution
b.
Comparison on standard and safety PLCs with regard to input circuitry:
Standard PLC does not have an internal c...
Explanation of Solution
c.
Comparison on standard and safety PLCs with regard to output circuitry:
A Standard PLC output does not have an intern...
Explanation of Solution
d.
Comparison on standard and safety PLCs with regard to power supplies:
Standard PLCs use normal power suppl...
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Students have asked these similar questions
2. Signed Integers
Unsigned binary numbers work for natural numbers, but many calculations use negative
numbers as well. To deal with this, a number of different methods have been used to represent
signed numbers, but we will focus on two's complement, as it is the standard solution for
representing signed integers.
2.1 Two's complement
• Most significant bit has a negative value, all others are positive. So, the value of an n-digit
-2
two's complement number can be written as: Σ2 2¹ di 2n-1 dn
• Otherwise exactly the same as unsigned integers.
i=0
-
• A neat trick for flipping the sign of a two's complement number: flip all the bits (0 becomes 1,
or 1 becomes 0) and then add 1 to the least significant bit.
• Addition is exactly the same as with an unsigned number.
2.2 Exercises
For questions 1-3, answer each one for the case of a two's complement number and an
unsigned number, indicating if it cannot be answered with a specific representation.
1. (15 pts) What is the largest integer…
can u solve this question
1. Unsigned Integers
If we have an n-digit unsigned numeral dn-1d n-2...do in radix (or base) r, then the value of that
numeral is
n−1
r² di
Σi=0
which is basically saying that instead of a 10's or 100's place we have an r's or
r²'s place. For binary, decimal, and hex r equals 2, 10, and 16, respectively.
Just a reminder that in order to write down a large number, we typically use the IEC or SI
prefixing system:
IEC: Ki = 210, Mi = 220, Gi = 230, Ti = 240, Pi = 250, Ei = 260, Zi = 270, Yi = 280;
SI: K=103, M = 106, G = 109, T = 10¹², P = 1015, E = 10¹8, Z = 1021, Y = 1024.
1.1 Conversions
a. (15 pts) Write the following using IEC prefixes: 213, 223, 251, 272, 226, 244
21323 Ki8 Ki
223 23 Mi 8 Mi
b. (15 pts) Write the following using SI prefixes: 107, 10¹7, 10¹¹, 1022, 1026, 1015
107 10¹ M = 10 M
=
1017102 P = 100 P
c. (10 pts) Write the following with powers of 10: 7 K, 100 E, 21 G
7 K = 7*10³
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