
Concept explainers
The electrical brownouts and blackouts; and their causes.

Explanation of Solution
The intentional voltage drop in electrical power system is termed as electrical brownout. It is used for the load reduction in an emergency. The reduction lasts for the minutes or hours, as opposed to short-term voltage sag (dip).
Electrical brownout can cause poor performance of equipment in addition to even wrong operation, data loss, and equipment damages.
Electrical blackout is the total loss of electrical power to an area. It is one of the most severe form of power outage that can occur. Blackouts that results in power station trippings are particularly difficult to recover quickly.
Blackouts can cause the reduction in the load to avoid the power outage.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics
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