
The decoding of cryptogram using A-1

Answer to Problem 59E
The numbers are converted to the alphabets they are assigned to we get the message
CLASS IS CANCELED
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
To decode the following cryptogram:
9−1−9 38−19−19 28−9−19 −802541 −642131 9−5−4
A=[1−1010−1−623]
Formula used:
Matrix multiplication is used.
Calculation:
Dividing them into 1×3 matrices we get,
[9−1−9] [ 38−19−19] [28−9−19 ][−802541] [−642131] [9−5−4]
These have to be decoded using A−1
To find A−1
[1−1010−1:−623 100010001]
Using R2→R2−R1 and R3→R3−6R1
[1−1001−1:001 100−110−601]
Using R1→R1+R2 and R3→R3−4R2
[10−101−1:001 010−110−2−41]
Using R1→R1+R3 and R2→R2+R3
[100010:001 −2−31−3−31−2−41]
Thus,
A−1=[−2−31−3−31−2−41]
Now to get the uncoded row matrices,
Coded matrix Decoding matrix Uncoded Matrix
[9−1−9][−2−31−3−31−2−41][3121][38−19−19][−2−31−3−31−2−41][19190][28−9−19][−2−31−3−31−2−41][9190]
Continuing further we get
[−802541][−2−31−3−31−2−41][3114][−642131][−2−31−3−31−2−41][3512][9−5−4][−2−31−3−31−2−41][540]
We get the following uncoded row matrices,
[3121][19190][9190][3114][3512][540]
Splitting them we get,
3 12 1 19 19 0 9 19 0 3 1 14 3 5 12 5 4 0
When the numbers are converted to the alphabets they are assigned to we get the message
CLASS IS CANCELED
Conclusion:
The numbers are converted to the alphabets they are assigned to we get the message
CLASS IS CANCELED
Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK PRECALCULUS W/LIMITS
- Evaluate the limit, and show your answer to 4 decimals if necessary. Iz² - y²z lim (x,y,z)>(9,6,4) xyz 1 -arrow_forwardlim (x,y) (1,1) 16x18 - 16y18 429-4y⁹arrow_forwardEvaluate the limit along the stated paths, or type "DNE" if the limit Does Not Exist: lim xy+y³ (x,y)(0,0) x²+ y² Along the path = = 0: Along the path y = = 0: Along the path y = 2x:arrow_forward
- show workarrow_forwardA graph of the function f is given below: Study the graph of ƒ at the value given below. Select each of the following that applies for the value a = 1 Of is defined at a. If is not defined at x = a. Of is continuous at x = a. If is discontinuous at x = a. Of is smooth at x = a. Of is not smooth at = a. If has a horizontal tangent line at = a. f has a vertical tangent line at x = a. Of has a oblique/slanted tangent line at x = a. If has no tangent line at x = a. f(a + h) - f(a) lim is finite. h→0 h f(a + h) - f(a) lim h->0+ and lim h h->0- f(a + h) - f(a) h are infinite. lim does not exist. h→0 f(a+h) - f(a) h f'(a) is defined. f'(a) is undefined. If is differentiable at x = a. If is not differentiable at x = a.arrow_forwardThe graph below is the function f(z) 4 3 -2 -1 -1 1 2 3 -3 Consider the function f whose graph is given above. (A) Find the following. If a function value is undefined, enter "undefined". If a limit does not exist, enter "DNE". If a limit can be represented by -∞o or ∞o, then do so. lim f(z) +3 lim f(z) 1-1 lim f(z) f(1) = 2 = -4 = undefined lim f(z) 1 2-1 lim f(z): 2-1+ lim f(x) 2+1 -00 = -2 = DNE f(-1) = -2 lim f(z) = -2 1-4 lim f(z) 2-4° 00 f'(0) f'(2) = = (B) List the value(s) of x for which f(x) is discontinuous. Then list the value(s) of x for which f(x) is left- continuous or right-continuous. Enter your answer as a comma-separated list, if needed (eg. -2, 3, 5). If there are none, enter "none". Discontinuous at z = Left-continuous at x = Invalid use of a comma.syntax incomplete. Right-continuous at z = Invalid use of a comma.syntax incomplete. (C) List the value(s) of x for which f(x) is non-differentiable. Enter your answer as a comma-separated list, if needed (eg. -2, 3, 5).…arrow_forward
- A graph of the function f is given below: Study the graph of f at the value given below. Select each of the following that applies for the value a = -4. f is defined at = a. f is not defined at 2 = a. If is continuous at x = a. Of is discontinuous at x = a. Of is smooth at x = a. f is not smooth at x = a. If has a horizontal tangent line at x = a. f has a vertical tangent line at x = a. Of has a oblique/slanted tangent line at x = a. Of has no tangent line at x = a. f(a + h) − f(a) h lim is finite. h→0 f(a + h) - f(a) lim is infinite. h→0 h f(a + h) - f(a) lim does not exist. h→0 h f'(a) is defined. f'(a) is undefined. If is differentiable at x = a. If is not differentiable at x = a.arrow_forwardFind the point of diminishing returns (x,y) for the function R(X), where R(x) represents revenue (in thousands of dollars) and x represents the amount spent on advertising (in thousands of dollars). R(x) = 10,000-x3 + 42x² + 700x, 0≤x≤20arrow_forwardDifferentiate the following functions. (a) y(x) = x³+6x² -3x+1 (b) f(x)=5x-3x (c) h(x) = sin(2x2)arrow_forward
- x-4 For the function f(x): find f'(x), the third derivative of f, and f(4) (x), the fourth derivative of f. x+7arrow_forwardIn x For the function f(x) = find f'(x). Then find f''(0) and f''(9). 11x'arrow_forwardLet f(x) = √√x+3 and g(x) = 6x − 2. Find each of the following composite functions and state the domain: (a) fog (b) gof, (c) fof (d) gogarrow_forward
- Calculus: Early TranscendentalsCalculusISBN:9781285741550Author:James StewartPublisher:Cengage LearningThomas' Calculus (14th Edition)CalculusISBN:9780134438986Author:Joel R. Hass, Christopher E. Heil, Maurice D. WeirPublisher:PEARSONCalculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)CalculusISBN:9780134763644Author:William L. Briggs, Lyle Cochran, Bernard Gillett, Eric SchulzPublisher:PEARSON
- Calculus: Early TranscendentalsCalculusISBN:9781319050740Author:Jon Rogawski, Colin Adams, Robert FranzosaPublisher:W. H. FreemanCalculus: Early Transcendental FunctionsCalculusISBN:9781337552516Author:Ron Larson, Bruce H. EdwardsPublisher:Cengage Learning





