Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781133956570
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.4, Problem 1LC
A researcher selects a sample from a population with a
- a. Using symbols, state the hypotheses for a one-tailed test.
- b. For the one-tailed test, would the critical region be located in the right-hand tail or the left-hand tail of the distribution?
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4. Suppose that P(X = 1) = P(X = -1) = 1/2, that Y = U(-1, 1) and that X
and Y are independent.
(a) Show, by direct computation, that X + Y = U(-2, 2).
(b) Translate the result to a statement about characteristic functions.
(c) Which well-known trigonometric formula did you discover?
9. The concentration function of a random variable X is defined as
Qx(h) = sup P(x ≤ X ≤x+h), h>0.
x
(a) Show that Qx+b (h) = Qx(h).
(b) Is it true that Qx(ah) =aQx(h)?
(c) Show that, if X and Y are independent random variables, then
Qx+y (h) min{Qx(h). Qy (h)).
To put the concept in perspective, if X1, X2, X, are independent, identically
distributed random variables, and S₁ = Z=1Xk, then there exists an absolute
constant, A, such that
A
Qs, (h) ≤
√n
Some references: [79, 80, 162, 222], and [204], Sect. 1.5.
29
Suppose that a mound-shaped data set has a
must mean of 10 and standard deviation of 2.
a. About what percentage of the data should
lie between 6 and 12?
b. About what percentage of the data should
lie between 4 and 6?
c. About what percentage of the data should
lie below 4?
91002 175/1
3
Chapter 8 Solutions
Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Ch. 8.1 - The city school district is considering increasing...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2LCCh. 8.1 - Prob. 3LCCh. 8.1 - A researcher selects a sample of n = 16...Ch. 8.1 - A small value (near zero) for the z-score...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 3LCACh. 8.2 - Prob. 1LCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2LCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3LCCh. 8.2 - Prob. 4LC
Ch. 8.2 - If a sample mean is in the critical region with =...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1LCCh. 8.3 - In a research report, the term significant is used...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3LCCh. 8.3 - Prob. 4LCCh. 8.3 - Prob. 5LCCh. 8.4 - A researcher selects a sample from a population...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2LCCh. 8.4 - A researcher obtains z = 2.43 for a hypothesis...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1LCCh. 8.5 - A researcher selects a sample from a population...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 3LCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 1LCCh. 8.6 - For a 5-point treatment effect, a researcher...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 3LCCh. 8.6 - Prob. 4LCCh. 8 - The value of the z-score in a hypothesis test is...Ch. 8 - Define the alpha level and the critical region,...Ch. 8 - Although there is a popular belief that herbal...Ch. 8 - Childhood participation in sports, cultural...Ch. 8 - A local college requires an English composition...Ch. 8 - A random simple is selected from a normal...Ch. 8 - A random sample of n = 25 scores is selected from...Ch. 8 - Brunt, Rhee, and Zhong (2008) surveyed 557...Ch. 8 - A random simple is selected from a normal...Ch. 8 - In a study examining the effect of alcohol on...Ch. 8 - The researchers cited in the previous problem...Ch. 8 - There is some evidence indicating that people with...Ch. 8 - Researchers at a National Weather Center in the...Ch. 8 - Montarello and Martens (2005) found that...Ch. 8 - Researchers hate noted a decline in cognitive...Ch. 8 - A researcher plans to conduct an experiment...Ch. 8 - A sample of n = 40 is selected from a normal...Ch. 8 - Briefly explain how increasing sample size...Ch. 8 - Explain how the power of a hypothesis test is...Ch. 8 - A researcher is investigating the effectiveness of...Ch. 8 - A researcher is evaluating the influence of a...Ch. 8 - Find each of the requested values for a population...Ch. 8 - A survey of high school seniors shows that the...Ch. 8 - Miller (2008) examined the energy drink...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 2,3, ample and rical t? the 28 Suppose that a mound-shaped data set has a mean of 10 and standard deviation of 2. a. About what percentage of the data should lie between 8 and 12? b. About what percentage of the data should lie above 10? c. About what percentage of the data should lie above 12?arrow_forward27 Suppose that you have a data set of 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, and you assume that this sample represents a population. The mean is 3 and g the standard deviation is 1.225.10 a. Explain why you can apply the empirical rule to this data set. b. Where would "most of the values" in the population fall, based on this data set?arrow_forward30 Explain how you can use the empirical rule to find out whether a data set is mound- shaped, using only the values of the data themselves (no histogram available).arrow_forward
- 5. Let X be a positive random variable with finite variance, and let A = (0, 1). Prove that P(X AEX) 2 (1-A)² (EX)² EX2arrow_forward6. Let, for p = (0, 1), and xe R. X be a random variable defined as follows: P(X=-x) = P(X = x)=p. P(X=0)= 1-2p. Show that there is equality in Chebyshev's inequality for X. This means that Chebyshev's inequality, in spite of being rather crude, cannot be improved without additional assumptions.arrow_forward4. Prove that, for any random variable X, the minimum of EIX-al is attained for a = med (X).arrow_forward
- 8. Recall, from Sect. 2.16.4, the likelihood ratio statistic, Ln, which was defined as a product of independent, identically distributed random variables with mean 1 (under the so-called null hypothesis), and the, sometimes more convenient, log-likelihood, log L, which was a sum of independent, identically distributed random variables, which, however, do not have mean log 1 = 0. (a) Verify that the last claim is correct, by proving the more general statement, namely that, if Y is a non-negative random variable with finite mean, then E(log Y) log(EY). (b) Prove that, in fact, there is strict inequality: E(log Y) < log(EY), unless Y is degenerate. (c) Review the proof of Jensen's inequality, Theorem 5.1. Generalize with a glimpse on (b).arrow_forward3. Prove that, for any random variable X, the minimum of E(X - a)² is attained for a = EX. Provedarrow_forward7. Cantelli's inequality. Let X be a random variable with finite variance, o². (a) Prove that, for x ≥ 0, P(X EX2x)≤ 02 x² +0² 202 P(|X - EX2x)<≤ (b) Find X assuming two values where there is equality. (c) When is Cantelli's inequality better than Chebyshev's inequality? (d) Use Cantelli's inequality to show that med (X) - EX ≤ o√√3; recall, from Proposition 6.1, that an application of Chebyshev's inequality yields the bound o√√2. (e) Generalize Cantelli's inequality to moments of order r 1.arrow_forward
- The college hiking club is having a fundraiser to buy new equipment for fall and winter outings. The club is selling Chinese fortune cookies at a price of $2 per cookie. Each cookie contains a piece of paper with a different number written on it. A random drawing will determine which number is the winner of a dinner for two at a local Chinese restaurant. The dinner is valued at $32. Since fortune cookies are donated to the club, we can ignore the cost of the cookies. The club sold 718 cookies before the drawing. Lisa bought 13 cookies. Lisa's expected earnings can be found by multiplying the value of the dinner by the probability that she will win. What are Lisa's expected earnings? Round your answer to the nearest cent.arrow_forwardThe Honolulu Advertiser stated that in Honolulu there was an average of 659 burglaries per 400,000 households in a given year. In the Kohola Drive neighborhood there are 321 homes. Let r be the number of homes that will be burglarized in a year. Use the formula for Poisson distribution. What is the value of p, the probability of success, to four decimal places?arrow_forwardThe college hiking club is having a fundraiser to buy new equipment for fall and winter outings. The club is selling Chinese fortune cookies at a price of $2 per cookie. Each cookie contains a piece of paper with a different number written on it. A random drawing will determine which number is the winner of a dinner for two at a local Chinese restaurant. The dinner is valued at $32. Since fortune cookies are donated to the club, we can ignore the cost of the cookies. The club sold 718 cookies before the drawing. Lisa bought 13 cookies. Lisa's expected earnings can be found by multiplying the value of the dinner by the probability that she will win. What are Lisa's expected earnings? Round your answer to the nearest cent.arrow_forward
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